As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 11, 2021.

Registration No. 333-______

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Rennova Health, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

400 South Australian Avenue, Suite 800

West Palm Beach, Florida 33401

(561) 855-1626

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Seamus Lagan

Chief Executive Officer and President

Rennova Health, Inc.

400 South Australian Avenue, Suite 800

West Palm Beach, Florida 33401

(561) 855-1626

(Name, address. including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

J. Thomas Cookson, Esq.

Shutts & Bowen LLP

200 South Biscayne Boulevard, Suite 4100

Miami, Florida 33131

Tel: (305) 379-9141

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: [X]

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [  ]

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [  ]

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. [  ]

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling stockholders may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities, in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

82,877,226 Shares of Common Stock Offered by Selling Stockholders

This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, by the selling stockholders listed in this prospectus under the section “Selling Stockholders,” of up to 82,877,226 shares of common stock, par value $.0001 per share, of Rennova Health, Inc., issuable upon the exercise of Series B Warrants which we sold to the Selling Stockholders in private placements on March 21, 2017.

The Selling Stockholders may sell the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus from time to time on terms to be determined at the time of sale through ordinary brokerage transactions or through any other means described in this prospectus under “Plan of Distribution.” The prices at which the Selling Stockholders may sell the shares will be determined by the prevailing market price for the shares or in negotiated transactions. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholders. However, we may receive proceeds from the cash exercise of the Series B Warrants which, if exercised in full in cash, would result in gross proceeds of $911,650. See the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” on page 21 of this prospectus.

Our common stock is traded on the OTC Pink under the symbol “RNVA.” The last reported sales price of our common stock on February __, 2021 was $[●] per share. There were 248,631,679 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 10, 2021.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is [_______], 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”). By using such registration statement, the Selling Stockholders may, from time to time, offer and sell shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus. It is important for you to read and consider all of our information contained in this prospectus before making any decision whether to invest in the common stock. You should also read and consider the information contained in the documents that we have incorporated by reference as described in “Where You Can Find Additional Information,” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” in this prospectus.

We and the Selling Stockholders have not authorized anyone to give any information or to make any representations different from that which is contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus in connection with the offer made by this prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by Rennova Health, Inc. or any Selling Stockholder. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder and thereunder shall under any circumstances create an implication that there has been no change in the affairs of Rennova Health, Inc. since the date hereof. You should assume that information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover hereof. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. This prospectus does not constitute an offer or solicitation by anyone in any state in which such offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary provides an overview of selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities. You should carefully read this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part in their entirety before investing in our securities, including the information discussed under “Risk Factors” and our financial statements and notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this prospectus or are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” refer to Rennova Health, Inc.

Rennova Health, Inc. (“Rennova” or the “Company”) is a provider of healthcare services for healthcare providers, their patients and individuals. In late 2016, the Company decided to pursue the opportunity to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals and is currently focused on implementing this business model. The Company now owns three hospitals and a physician’s office in Tennessee and a rural clinic in Kentucky. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its last clinical laboratory outside of its hospital labs, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., and as a result EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.’s operations have been classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations for all periods in 2020. The Company’s operations now consist of only one business segment, Hospital Operations.

Hospital Operations

We believe that the acquisition or development of rural hospitals will create a stable revenue base from a needed service and believe that we can expand the sales of our products and services to surrounding medical providers and doctors’ groups.

Scott County Community Hospital (DBA Big South Fork Medical Center)

On January 13, 2017, we closed on an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to Scott County Community Hospital, based in Oneida, Tennessee (the “Oneida Assets”). The Oneida Assets include a 52,000 square foot hospital building and 6,300 square foot professional building on approximately 4.3 acres. Scott County Community Hospital is classified as a Critical Access Hospital (rural) with 25 beds, a 24/7 emergency department, operating rooms and a laboratory that provides a range of diagnostic services. Scott County Community Hospital closed in July 2016 in connection with the bankruptcy filing of its parent company, Pioneer Health Services, Inc. We acquired the Oneida Assets out of bankruptcy for a purchase price of $1.0 million. The hospital, which has been renamed Big South Fork Medical Center, became operational on August 8, 2017.

Jamestown Regional Medical Center

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee, referred to as Jamestown Regional Medical Center. The purchase was completed on June 1, 2018. The hospital was acquired by a newly-formed subsidiary, Jamestown TN Medical Center, Inc., and is an 85-bed facility of approximately 90,000 square feet on over eight acres of land, which offers a 24-hour Emergency Department with two spacious trauma bays and seven private exam rooms, inpatient and outpatient medical services and a Progressive Care Unit which provides telemetry services. The acquisition also included a separate physician practice known as Mountain View Physician Practice, Inc. Jamestown is located 38 miles west of our Big South Fork Medical Center. The Company suspended operations at the hospital in June 2019, as a result of the termination of its Medicare agreement. The Company plans to reopen the hospital upon receiving Medicare approval and securing adequate capital to do so.

Jellico Medical Center

On March 5, 2019, the Company closed an asset purchase agreement whereby it acquired certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jellico, Tennessee and an outpatient clinic located in Williamsburg, Kentucky. The hospital is known as Jellico Community Hospital and the clinic is known as the CarePlus Center. The hospital and the clinic and their associated assets were acquired from Jellico Community Hospital, Inc. and CarePlus Rural Health Clinic, LLC, respectively.

Jellico Community Hospital is a fully operational 54-bed acute care facility that offers comprehensive services, including diagnostic imaging, radiology, surgery (general, gynecological and vascular), nuclear medicine, wound care and hyperbaric medicine, intensive care, emergency care and physical therapy. Jellico is located 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center. The CarePlus Center offers sophisticated testing capabilities and compassionate care, all in a modern, patient-friendly environment. Services include diagnostic imaging services, x-ray, mammography, bone densitometry, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, physical therapy and laboratory services on a walk-in basis.

The purchase price was $658,537. This purchase price was made available by Christopher Diamantis, a former director of the Company. Diligence, legal and other costs associated with the acquisition were approximately $250,000, meaning the total cost of acquisition to the Company was approximately $908,000.

Our hospital operations began on August 8, 2017, following the receipt of the required licenses and regulatory approvals. They generated net revenues of approximately $5.9 million and approximately $13.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $16.1 million and approximately $14.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During 2019 and 2018, based on our revenue collection history achieved, management recognized an approximately 13% and 17% hospital collection rate, respectively.

Discontinued Operations

On July 12, 2017, we announced plans to spin off our Advanced Molecular Services Group (“AMSG”) and in the third quarter of 2017 our Board of Directors voted unanimously to spin off the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Health Technology Solutions, Inc. (“HTS”), as independent publicly traded companies by way of tax-free distributions to the Company’s stockholders. On June 10, 2020, the Company signed an agreement for the separation of these divisions into a public company. The agreement is with TPT Global Tech, Inc. (OTC: TPTW), a California-based public company, to merge HTS and AMSG into a public company after TPT completes a merger of its wholly-owned subsidiary, InnovaQor, Inc., with this public company. The public company will be known as InnovaQor going forward. Completion of the agreement is subject to a number of approvals and consents which need to be secured to complete the transaction. Subject to closing and the relevant SEC approvals it is intended that Rennova will receive approximately $22 million of preferred shares in the transaction, $5 million of which will be converted to common shares in the public company, and distributed to Rennova shareholders upon completion of the relevant registration/approvals with the SEC. The remaining approximately $17 million of preferred shares held by Rennova as an investment in InnovaQor will be convertible to common shares on achievement of certain milestones going forward. There can be no assurance that the transaction as described will be consummated or that terms including numbers or values for consideration shares will not change significantly before closing

The strategic goal of this transaction is to create a separate public company which can focus on its own strengths and operational plans and create value for Rennova and its shareholders. The Company has reflected the amounts relating to AMSG and HTS (referred to as the AMSG & HTS Group) as deposal groups classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations in the Company’s financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its last clinical laboratory outside of its hospital labs, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., and as a result EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.’s operations have been classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations for all periods in 2020 in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Recent Developments

Reverse Stock Split

On July 30, 2020, the Company filed an Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation in order to effect a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split of the Company’s shares of common stock effective on July 31, 2020. On May 7, 2020, the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the Company’s securities approved an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse split of all of the Company’s shares of common stock at a specific ratio within a range from 1-for-100 to 1-for-10,000, and granted authorization to the Board of Directors to determine in its discretion the specific ratio and timing of the reverse split on or prior to December 31, 2020. The Board approved the specific ratio and timing on July 22, 2020.

As a result of the reverse stock split, every 10,000 shares of the Company’s pre-reverse split common stock were combined and reclassified into one share of the Company’s common stock. Proportionate voting rights and other rights of common stockholders were not affected by the reverse stock split, other than as a result of the cash payment for any fractional shares that would have otherwise been issued. Stockholders who would otherwise hold a fractional share of common stock received a cash payment in respect of such fraction of a share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split.

The reverse stock split became effective at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on July 31, 2020 and the Company’s common stock continued to trade on a post-split basis at the open of business on August 3, 2020. The Company’s post-reverse split common stock has a new CUSIP number, but the par value and other terms of the common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split, except that, for the first 20 days after the reverse split, the common stock traded under the symbol “RNVAD”. It currently trades under our existing symbol “RNVA”. Prior to the reverse split, the Company had approximately 9.9 billion shares of common stock outstanding, which resulted in approximately 990,000 post-split shares.

All outstanding preferred shares, stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans immediately prior to the reverse stock split have generally been appropriately adjusted by dividing the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred shares, stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans were exercisable or convertible by 10,000 and multiplying the exercise or conversion price by 10,000, as a result of the reverse stock split.

Voting Agreement

On August 13, 2020, Mr. Diamantis entered into a Voting Agreement and Irrevocable Proxy (the “Voting Agreement”) with the Company, Mr. Lagan and Alcimede LLC (of which Mr. Lagan is the sole manager) pursuant to which Mr. Diamantis granted an irrevocable proxy to Mr. Lagan to vote the Series M Preferred Stock held by Mr. Diamantis, Mr. Diamantis has retained all other rights under the Series M Preferred Stock. The foregoing description of the Voting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to the Voting Agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and is incorporated herein by reference.

Exchange of Debentures and Preferred Stock

On August 31, 2020, the Company entered into Exchange, Redemption and Forbearance Agreements (the “Agreements”) with certain institutional investors in the Company. In the Agreements, the investors agreed to reduce their holdings of the Company’s debentures by approximately $19.3 million (including accrued interest and penalties) by exchanging the debentures and all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series I-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series I-2 Convertible Preferred Stock for 30,435 shares of the Company’s newly-authorized Series N Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series N Preferred Stock”). The terms of the Series N Preferred Stock are set forth under “Description of Capital Stock – Preferred Stock”. Christopher Diamantis, a former director of the Company, is also a party to the Agreements as he continues to be a guarantor of a portion of the remaining debt.

The investors continue to own, after the initial exchange, approximately $14.9 million (including accrued interest and penalties) of debentures, but agreed that the Company could redeem $10 million of its obligations under these debentures held by the investors at face value, plus accrued interest and penalties. These debentures include approximately $5.0 million under debentures that have been guaranteed by Mr. Diamantis. This redemption right was exercisable for 90 days after August 31, 2020. If it had been exercised in full, the remaining debentures held by the investors (totaling approximately $4.9 million, including accrued interest and penalties) would have been exchanged for approximately 4,900 additional shares of Series N Preferred Stock.

During the 90-day redemption period (or until the occurrence of certain specified events, if earlier), the investors agreed to forbear from exercising any remedies against the Company or Mr. Diamantis as a result of any existing defaults under the outstanding securities. During that period, additional interest and penalties did not accrue and would have been forgiven if the redemption right was exercised in full. The redemption right was not exercised and all such additional amounts have become due and payable.

Outlook

We believe that the transition of our business model from diagnostics is now complete and once stabilized will create more predictable and stable revenue. Rural hospitals provide a much-needed service to their local communities and reduce our reliance on commission-based sales employees to generate sales. We currently operate two hospitals and a rural clinic in the same general geographic location and own another hospital and physician’s office at which operations are currently suspended. Owning a number of facilities in the same geographic location will create numerous efficiencies in purchasing and staffing and will enable the provision of additional, specialized and more valuable services that are needed by rural communities but cannot be sustained by a standalone rural hospital. We remain confident that this is a sustainable model we can continue to grow through acquisition and development and believe that we can benefit from the compliance and IT and software capabilities we already have in place. The progress of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, which is more fully discussed below, has severely affected our operations and may cause such expectations not to be achieved or, even if achieved, not to be done in the expected timeframe.

Impact of the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our operations and we have taken steps intended to minimize the risk to our employees and patients. These steps have increased our costs and our revenues have been significantly adversely affected. Demand for hospital services has substantially decreased. As noted in Notes 1 and 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus, we have received Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans as well as Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Provider Relief Funds from the federal government. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required. Going forward, we are unable to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect our business. The nature and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our balance sheet and results of operations will depend on the severity and length of the pandemic in our service areas; government activities to mitigate the pandemic’s effect; regulatory changes in response to the pandemic, especially those affecting rural hospitals; and existing and potential government assistance that may be provided.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken by governments to seek to reduce its spread have severely impacted the economy and the health care industry in particular. Hospitals have especially been affected. Small rural hospitals, such as ours, may be overwhelmed by patients if conditions worsen in their local areas. Staffing costs, and concerns due to the potential exposure to infections, may increase, as may the costs of needed medical supplies necessary to keep the hospitals open. Doctors and patients may defer elective procedures and other health care services. Travel bans, social distancing and quarantines may limit access to our facilities. Business closings and layoffs in our local areas may result in the loss of insurance and adversely affect demand for our services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for services as rendered.

Hospitalizations in Tennessee for COVID-19 have been increasing. In particular, infection rates in each of the three counties in which the Company owns hospitals are at the highest levels to date. These developments have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse effect on the Company and the operations of our hospitals. Our plans to reopen our Jamestown Regional Medical Center, whose operations were suspended in June 2019, have been disrupted by the pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed.

On September 14, 2020, the Company announced that it had purchased and taken delivery of equipment to provide rapid testing for COVID-19 at Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlan Center and Big South Fork Medical Center in an effort to provide the Company with an additional revenue stream.

Corporate Information

Effective November 2, 2015, the Company, a Delaware corporation, changed its name from “CollabRx, Inc.” to “Rennova Health, Inc.” The Company was previously named Tegal Corporation until 2012 when it acquired a private company named CollabRx, Inc. and changed its name to “CollabRx, Inc.” Tegal Corporation was formed in December 1989 to acquire the operations of the former Tegal Corporation, a division of Motorola, Inc. Tegal’s predecessor company was founded in 1972 and was acquired by Motorola, Inc. in 1978. Tegal completed its initial public offering in October 1995.

The Company’s fiscal year-end is December 31.

Our principal executive offices are located at 400 South Australian Avenue, Suite 800, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401 and our telephone number is (561) 855-1626. Our website address is www.rennovahealth.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.

THE OFFERING

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as the other information in this prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before deciding whether to invest in our securities. Information in this prospectus may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by reports we file with the SEC in the future. The occurrence of any of the adverse developments described in the following risk factors could materially and adversely harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to this Offering

Our common stock is subject to substantial dilution by exercises of warrants and conversions or exercises of other securities into common stock.

The Company has outstanding options, warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures. Exercise of the options and warrants, and conversions of the convertible preferred stock and debentures could result in substantial dilution of our common stock and a decline in its market price. In addition, the terms of certain of the warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures issued by us provide for reductions in the per share exercise prices of the warrants and the per share conversion prices of the debentures and preferred stock (if applicable and subject to a floor in certain cases), in the event that we issue common stock or common stock equivalents (as that term is defined in the agreements) at an effective exercise/conversion price that is less than the then exercise/conversion prices of the outstanding warrants, preferred stock or debentures, as the case may be. These provisions, as well as the issuances of debentures and preferred stock with conversion prices that vary based upon the price of our common stock on the date of conversion, have resulted in significant dilution of our common stock and have given rise to reverse splits of our common stock.

The following table presents the dilutive effect of our various potential common shares as of September 30, 2020:

Continued conversions and exercises of the Company’s outstanding securities into common stock have further depressed the market price of our common stock and have caused corresponding decreases of the exercise and conversion prices of much of the remaining convertible securities due to their anti-dilution provisions.

The sale of a substantial amount of our common stock, including resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants held by the Selling Stockholders, in the public market could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.

Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, and the market value of our other securities.

A substantial number of shares of common stock are being offered by this prospectus, and we cannot predict if and when the Selling Stockholders may sell such shares in the public markets. Furthermore, in the future, we may issue additional shares of common stock or other equity or debt securities convertible into common stock in connection with a financing, acquisition, litigation settlement, employee arrangement, or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and could cause our stock price to decline.

Risks Related to the Company

The holders of our Series M Convertible Preferred Stock have, in the aggregate, votes equal to 51% of all of the Company’s voting securities.

Regardless of the number of shares of Series M Preferred Stock outstanding and so long as at least one share of Series M Preferred Stock is outstanding, the outstanding shares of Series M Preferred Stock shall have the number of votes, in the aggregate, equal to 51% of all votes entitled to be voted at any meeting of stockholders or action by written consent. This means that the holders of Series M Preferred Stock have sufficient votes, by themselves, to approve or defeat any proposal voted on by the Company’s stockholders, unless there is a supermajority required under applicable law or by agreement. Holders of Common Stock, therefore, will not have any control on issues submitted to a vote of stockholders.

Christopher Diamantis, a former director of the Company, owns all of the outstanding Series M Preferred Stock. On August 13, 2020, however, he granted an irrevocable proxy to vote the Series M Preferred Stock to Seamus Lagan, the Chief Executive Officer, President and Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company. As a result, Mr. Lagan controls a majority of the voting securities of the Company.

The current and potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Demand for services at our hospitals due to the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially decreased, resulting in materially lower revenues. If the pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur additional significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required. Hospitalizations in Tennessee for COVID-19 have been increasing. In particular, infection levels in each of the three counties in which the Company owns hospitals are at the highest levels to date. An availability of vaccines may lessen the impact of the virus but no assurance can be given as to the timing of that occurring in our service area.

The coronavirus pandemic and the steps taken by governments to seek to reduce its spread have severely impacted the economy and the health care industry in particular. Hospitals have especially been affected. Small rural hospitals, such as ours, may be overwhelmed by patients if conditions worsen in their local areas. Staffing costs, and concerns due to the potential exposure to infections, may increase, as may the costs of needed medical supplies necessary to keep the hospitals open. Doctors and patients may defer elective procedures and other health care services. Travel bans, social distancing and quarantines may limit access to our facilities. Business closings and layoffs in our local areas may result in the loss of insurance and adversely affect demand for our services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for services as rendered.

Although our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, we have recently accumulated significant losses and have negative cash flows from operations that could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or raise additional capital to fund our operations or limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry. Restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness may adversely affect us. These or additional risks or uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

If we are unable to improve our liquidity position we may not be able to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus do not include any adjustments that might result if we are unable to continue as a going concern and, therefore, be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business, which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment.

We have accumulated significant losses and have negative cash flows from operations, and at September 30, 2020, we had a working capital deficit and accumulated deficit of $47.6 million and $663.5 million, respectively. In addition, we incurred a loss from continuing operations of $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and we used cash of $13.4 million to fund our operations for that period. As of the date of this prospectus, our cash position is critically deficient, and payments for our operations are not being made in the ordinary course of business. The continued losses and other related factors, including the payment defaults of outstanding debentures and notes payable, as more fully discussed in Notes 7 and 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the next 12 months.

In accordance with ASC 205-20 and having met the criteria for “held for sale”, we have reflected amounts relating to AMSG and HTS as disposal groups classified as held for sale and included as part of discontinued operations. AMSG and HTS are no longer included in the segment reporting following the reclassification to discontinued operations. The discontinued operations of AMSG and HTS are described further in Note 16 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

On June 10, 2020, the Company signed an agreement for the separation of these divisions into a public company. The agreement is with TPT Global Tech, Inc. (OTC: TPTW), a California-based public company, to merge HTS and AMSG into a public company after TPT completes a merger of its wholly-owned subsidiary, InnovaQor, Inc., with this public Company. The public company will be known as InnovaQor going forward. Completion of the agreement is subject to a number of approvals and consents which need to be secured to complete the transaction. Subject to closing and the relevant SEC approvals it is intended that Rennova will receive approximately $22 million of preferred shares in the transaction, $5 million of which will be converted to common shares in the public company, and distributed to Rennova shareholders upon completion of the relevant registration/approvals with the SEC. The remaining approximately $17 million of preferred shares held by Rennova as an investment in InnovaQor will be convertible to common shares on achievement of certain milestones going forward. There can be no assurance that the transaction as described will be consummated or that terms including numbers or values for consideration shares will not change significantly before closing.

The strategic goal of this transaction is to create a separate public company which can focus on its own strengths and operational plans and create value for Rennova and its shareholders.

In addition, during the third quarter of 2020, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its last clinical laboratory outside of its hospitals, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., and as a result, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.’s operations have been classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations for all periods presented.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, our hospital operations provided services to 13,217 and 33,299 patients and recognized approximately $5.9 million and $12.2 million of net revenues, respectively. Our hospital operations provided services to 41,677 and 13,349 patients and recognized approximately $124.1 million and $88.0 million of gross revenues during 2019 and 2018, respectively. On March 5, 2019, we acquired certain assets of Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center. On August 15, 2019, the Company received notice from CMS that the change of ownership for Jellico was effective from March 1, 2019, enabling the hospital, after almost six months of ownership, to bill and get paid for services since March 1, 2019.

The Company’s core business is now rural hospitals which is a specialized marketplace with a requirement for capable and knowledgeable management. The Company’s current financial condition may make it difficult to attract and maintain adequate expertise in its management team to successfully operate the Company’s hospitals.

Following an inspection at Jamestown Regional Medical Center on February 5, 2019, the hospital was informed on February 15 that several conditions of participation in the CMS-approved Medicare accreditation program were deficient. The hospital was informed that if the deficiencies were not corrected by May 16 the Medicare agreement would terminate. A follow-up inspection on May 15 resulted in the determination that the hospital had failed to adequately correct the deficiencies highlighted and a notice of involuntary termination was issued effective on June 12, 2019. The Company has taken steps to re-enter the Medicare program and has received initial approval of its application to reactivate the Medicare agreement. The Company continues to plan the reopening of the hospital upon securing adequate capital to do so.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our business plan, which is to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals, raise any additional capital or secure the additional financing necessary to implement our current operating plan. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise adequate capital to fund our operations and repay our outstanding debentures and other past due obligations, fully align our operating costs, increase our revenues and eventually regain profitable operations. The consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

Our acquisitions of the Big South Fork Medical Center, Jamestown Regional Medical Center, Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center do not provide assurance that the acquired operations will be accretive to our earnings or otherwise improve our results of operations.

Acquisitions, such as that of Big South Fork Medical Center, which was acquired in January of 2017 and that began operations on August 8, 2017, Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which was acquired on June 1, 2018, and Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center which were acquired in March 2019, involve the integration of previously separate businesses into a common enterprise in which it is envisioned that synergistic operations will result in improved financial performance. However, realization of these envisioned results is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to:

There is no assurance that the acquisitions of the Big South Fork Medical Center, Jamestown Regional Medical Center, Jellico Community Hospital or CarePlus Center will be accretive to our earnings or otherwise improve our results of operations.

We have decided to alter our business model to focus on hospital acquisition and development which may not succeed if we are unable to effectively compete for patients. Local residents could use other hospitals and healthcare providers.

The healthcare industry is highly competitive among hospitals and other healthcare providers for patients, affiliations with physicians and acquisitions. The most significant competition our hospitals face comes from hospitals that provide more complex services as well as other healthcare providers, including outpatient surgery, orthopedic, oncology and diagnostic centers that also compete for patients. Our hospitals, our competitors, and other healthcare industry participants are increasingly implementing physician alignment strategies, such as acquiring physician practice groups, employing physicians and participating in accountable care organizations (ACOs) or other clinical integration models, which may impact our competitive position. In addition, increasing consolidation within the payor industry, vertical integration efforts involving payors and healthcare providers, and cost-reduction strategies by large employer groups and their affiliates may impact our ability to contract with payors on favorable terms and otherwise affect our competitive position.

We expect these competitive trends to continue. If we are unable to compete effectively with other hospitals and other healthcare providers, local residents may seek healthcare services at providers other than our hospitals and affiliated businesses.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected if the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) is repealed, replaced or otherwise changed.

The ACA has increased the number of people with health care insurance. It also has reduced Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements. Numerous proposals continue to be discussed to repeal, amend or replace the law. We cannot predict whether any such repeal, amend or replace proposals, or any parts of them, will become law and, if they do, what their substance or timing will be. There is uncertainty whether, when and how the ACA may be changed, what alternative provisions, if any, will be enacted, the timing of enactment and implementation of any alternative provisions and the impact of any alternative provisions on providers as well as other healthcare industry participants. Efforts to repeal or change the ACA or implement other initiatives intended to reform healthcare delivery and financial systems may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The industry trend towards value-based purchasing may negatively impact our revenues.

There is a trend in the healthcare industry toward “value-based” purchasing of healthcare services. These value-based purchasing programs include both public reporting of quality data and preventable adverse events tied to the quality and efficiency of care provided by facilities. Governmental programs including Medicare and Medicaid currently require providers under such programs to report certain quality data to receive full reimbursement updates. In addition, Medicare does not reimburse for care related to certain preventable adverse events. Many large commercial payors currently require providers under such programs to report quality data and several commercial payors do not reimburse providers under such programs for certain preventable adverse events.

We expect value-based purchasing programs, including programs that condition reimbursement on patient outcome measures, to become more common and to involve a higher percentage of reimbursement amounts. We are unable at this time to predict how this trend will affect our results of operations, but it could negatively impact our financial condition or results of operations.

General economic conditions.

Much healthcare spending is discretionary and can be significantly impacted by economic downturns. When patients are experiencing personal financial difficulties or have concerns about general economic conditions, they may choose to defer or forego elective surgeries and other non-emergent procedures, which are generally more profitable lines of business for hospitals. In addition, employers may impose or patients may select a high-deductible insurance plan or no insurance at all, which increases a hospital’s dependence on self-pay revenue. Moreover, a greater number of uninsured patients may seek care in our emergency rooms.

We are unable to quantify the specific impact of current or recent economic conditions on our business, however, we believe that the economic conditions in the service areas in which our hospitals operate may have an adverse impact on our operations. Such impact can be expected to continue to affect not only the healthcare decisions of our patients and potential patients but could also have an adverse impact on the solvency of certain managed care providers and other counterparties to transactions with us.

Healthcare plans have taken steps to control the utilization and reimbursement of healthcare services.

We also face efforts by non-governmental third-party payers, including healthcare plans, to reduce utilization and reimbursement for healthcare services.

The healthcare industry has experienced a trend of consolidation among healthcare insurance plans and payers, resulting in fewer but larger insurance plans with significant bargaining power to negotiate fee arrangements with healthcare providers. These healthcare plans, and independent physician associations, may demand that providers accept discounted fee structures or assume all or a portion of the financial risk associated with providing services to their members through capped payment arrangements. There are also an increasing number of patients enrolling in consumer driven products and high deductible plans that involve greater patient cost-sharing.

The increased consolidation among healthcare plans and payers increases the potential adverse impact of not being, or ceasing to be, a contracted provider with any such insurer. The ACA includes provisions, including ones regarding the creation of healthcare exchanges, which may encourage healthcare insurance plans to increase exclusive contracting.

We expect continuing efforts to reduce reimbursements, to impose more stringent cost controls and to reduce utilization of services. These efforts, including future changes in third-party payer rules, practices and policies or ceasing to be a contracted provider to many healthcare plans, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our business.

Unless we raise sufficient funds, we will not be able to succeed in our business model.

During the year ended December 31, 2019 and through the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we have relied on issuances of equity, debentures and notes payable, loans from a related party and the sale of accounts receivable under sales agreement to fund our operations. We generated negative cash flow from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020. If this trend were to continue and we are unable to raise sufficient capital to fund our operations through other sources, our business will be adversely affected, and we may not be able to continue as a going concern (see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Liquidity and Capital Resources”). There can be no assurances that we will be able to raise sufficient funds on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, to fund our operations under our current business model.

Some of our operations are subject to federal and state laws prohibiting “kickbacks” and other laws designed to prohibit payments for referrals and eliminate healthcare fraud.

Federal and state anti-kickback and similar laws prohibit payment, or offers of payment, in exchange for referrals of products and services for which reimbursement may be made by Medicare or other federal and state healthcare programs. Some state laws contain similar prohibitions that apply without regard to the payer of reimbursement for the services. Under a federal statute, known as the “Stark Law” or “self-referral” prohibition, physicians, subject to certain exceptions, are prohibited from referring their Medicare or Medicaid program patients to providers with which the physicians or their immediate family members have a financial relationship, and the providers are prohibited from billing for services rendered in violation of Stark Law referral prohibitions. Violations of the federal Anti-Kickback Law and Stark Law may be punished by civil and criminal penalties, and/or exclusion from participation in federal health care programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. States may impose similar penalties. The ACA significantly strengthened provisions of the Federal False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Law provisions, and other health care fraud provisions, leading to the possibility of greatly increased qui tam suits by private citizen “relators” for perceived violations of these laws. There can be no assurance that our activities will not come under the scrutiny of regulators and other government authorities or that our practices will not be found to violate applicable laws, rules and regulations or prompt lawsuits by private citizen relators under federal or state false claims laws.

Federal officials responsible for administering and enforcing the healthcare laws and regulations have made a priority of eliminating healthcare fraud. For example, the ACA includes significant new fraud and abuse measures, including required disclosures of financial arrangements with physician customers, lower thresholds for violations and increased potential penalties for violations. Federal funding available for combating health care fraud and abuse generally has increased. While we seek to conduct our business in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, many of the laws and regulations applicable to our business, particularly those relating to billing and reimbursement of services and those relating to relationships with physicians, hospitals and patients, contain language that has not been interpreted by courts. We must rely on our interpretation of these laws and regulations based on the advice of our counsel and regulatory or law enforcement authorities may not agree with our interpretation of these laws and regulations and may seek to enforce legal remedies or penalties against us for violations.

From time to time we may need to change our operations, particularly pricing or billing practices, in response to changing interpretations of these laws and regulations, or regulatory or judicial determinations with respect to these laws and regulations. These occurrences, regardless of their outcome, could damage our reputation and harm important business relationships that we have with healthcare providers, payers and others. Furthermore, if a regulatory or judicial authority finds that we have not complied with applicable laws and regulations, we would be required to refund amounts that were billed and collected in violation of such laws and regulations. In addition, we may voluntarily refund amounts that were alleged to have been billed and collected in violation of applicable laws and regulations. In either case, we could suffer civil and criminal damages, fines and penalties, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and the loss of licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to operate our business, as well as incur liabilities from third-party claims, all of which could harm our operating results and financial condition.

Moreover, regardless of the outcome, if we or physicians or other third parties with whom we do business are investigated by a regulatory or law enforcement authority we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees, and our management may be required to divert a substantial amount of time to an investigation.

To enhance compliance with applicable health care laws, and mitigate potential liability in the event of noncompliance, regulatory authorities, such as the federal Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”), have recommended the adoption and implementation of a comprehensive health care compliance program that generally contains the elements of an effective compliance and ethics program described in Section 8B2.1 of the United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual, and for many years the OIG has made available a model compliance program. In addition, certain states require that health care providers that engage in substantial business under the state Medicaid program have a compliance program that generally adheres to the standards set forth in the Model Compliance Program. Also, under the ACA, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, will require suppliers, such as the Company, to adopt, as a condition of Medicare participation, compliance programs that meet a core set of requirements. While we have adopted, or are in the process of adopting, healthcare compliance and ethics programs that generally incorporate the OIG’s recommendations, and training our applicable employees in such compliance, having such a program can be no assurance that we will avoid any compliance issues.

We conduct our business in a heavily regulated industry and changes in regulations or violations of regulations could, directly or indirectly, harm our operating results and financial condition.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated and there can be no assurance that the regulatory environment in which we operate will not change significantly and adversely in the future. Areas of the regulatory environment that may affect our ability to conduct business include, without limitation:

These laws and regulations are extremely complex and in many instances, there are no significant regulatory or judicial interpretations of these laws and regulations. Any determination that we have violated these laws or regulations, or the public announcement that we are being investigated for possible violations of these laws or regulations, could harm our operating results and financial condition. In addition, a significant change in any of these laws or regulations may require us to change our business model in order to maintain compliance with these laws or regulations, which could harm our operating results and financial condition.

Failure to comply with complex federal and state laws and regulations related to submission of claims for services can result in significant monetary damages and penalties and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

We are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations relating to the submission of claims for payment for services, including those that relate to coverage of our services under Medicare, Medicaid and other governmental health care programs, the amounts that may be billed for our services and to whom claims for services may be submitted.

Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in our inability to receive payment for our services or result in attempts by third-party payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, to recover payments from us that have already been made. Submission of claims in violation of certain statutory or regulatory requirements can result in penalties, including substantial civil money penalties for each item or service billed to Medicare in violation of the legal requirement, and exclusion from participation in Medicare and Medicaid. Government authorities may also assert that violations of laws and regulations related to submission or causing the submission of claims violate the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”) or other laws related to fraud and abuse, including submission of claims for services that were not medically necessary. Violations of the FCA could result in enormous economic liability. The FCA provides that all damages are trebled. For example, we could be subject to FCA liability if it was determined that the services we provided were not medically necessary and not reimbursable, particularly if it were asserted that we contributed to the physician’s referrals of unnecessary services to us. It is also possible that the government could attempt to hold us liable under fraud and abuse laws for improper claims submitted by an entity for services that we performed if we were found to have knowingly participated in the arrangement that resulted in submission of the improper claims.

Our hospitals are subject to potential claims for professional liability, including existing or potential claims based on the acts or omissions of third parties, which claims may not be covered by insurance.

Our hospitals are subject to potential claims for professional liability (medical malpractice) in connection with their operations, as well as potentially acquired or discontinued operations. To cover such claims, professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance are maintained in amounts believed to be sufficient for operations, although some claims may exceed the scope or amount of the coverage in effect. The assertion of a significant number of claims, either within a self-insured retention (deductible) or individually or in the aggregate in excess of available insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Premiums for professional liability insurance have historically been volatile and we cannot assure you that professional liability insurance will continue to be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. The operations of hospitals also depend on the professional services of physicians and other trained healthcare providers and technicians in the conduct of their respective operations, including independent laboratories and physicians rendering diagnostic and medical services. There can be no assurance that any legal action stemming from the act or omission of a third party provider of healthcare services would not be brought against one of our hospitals, resulting in significant legal expenses in order to defend against such legal action or to obtain a financial contribution from the third party whose acts or omissions occasioned the legal action.

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified healthcare professionals. A shortage of qualified healthcare professionals could weaken our ability to deliver healthcare services.

Our hospitals’ operations are dependent on the efforts, ability and experience of healthcare professionals, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, pharmacists and lab technicians. Each hospital’s success has been, and will continue to be, influenced by its ability to attract and retain these skilled employees. A shortage of healthcare professionals, the loss of some or all of its key employees or the inability to attract or retain sufficient numbers of qualified healthcare professionals could cause the operating performance of one or more of our hospitals to decline.

A significant portion of our revenue is dependent on Medicare and Medicaid payments and possible reductions in Medicare or Medicaid payments or the implementation of other measures to reduce reimbursements may reduce our revenues.

A significant portion of our consolidated revenues are derived from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which are highly regulated and subject to frequent and substantial changes. Over 56% and 60% of consolidated net patient revenues were derived from the Medicare and Medicaid programs for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Previous legislative changes have resulted in, and future legislative changes may result in, limitations on and reduced levels of payment and reimbursement for a substantial portion of hospital procedures and costs.

Future healthcare legislation or other changes in the administration or interpretation of governmental healthcare programs may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Failure to timely or accurately bill for our services could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Billing for medical services is extremely complicated and is subject to extensive and non-uniform rules and administrative requirements. Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, we bill various payers, such as patients, insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, physicians, hospitals and employer groups. Changes in laws and regulations could increase the complexity and cost of our billing process. Additionally, auditing for compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as internal compliance policies and procedures adds further cost and complexity to the billing process. Further, our billing systems require significant technology investment and, as a result of marketplace demands, we need to continually invest in our billing systems.

Missing, incomplete, or incorrect information on requisitions adds complexity to and slows the billing process, creates backlogs of unbilled requisitions, and generally increases the aging of accounts receivable and bad debt expense. Failure to timely or correctly bill may lead to our not being reimbursed for our services or an increase in the aging of our accounts receivable, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. Failure to comply with applicable laws relating to billing or even having to pay back amounts incorrectly billed and collected could lead to various penalties, including: (1) exclusion from participation in CMS and other government programs; (2) asset forfeitures; (3) civil and criminal fines and penalties; and (4) the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to operate our business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows.

There have been times when our accounts receivable have increased at a greater rate than revenue growth and, therefore, have adversely affected our cash flows from operations. We have taken steps to implement systems and processing changes intended to improve billing procedures and related collection results. However, we cannot assure that our ongoing assessment of accounts receivable will not result in the need for additional provisions. Such additional provisions, if implemented, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our operations may be adversely impacted by the effects of extreme weather conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, hostilities or acts of terrorism and other criminal activities.

Our operations are always subject to adverse impacts resulting from extreme weather conditions, natural disasters, hostilities or acts of terrorism or other criminal activities. Such events may result in a temporary decline in the number of patients who seek our services or in our employees’ ability to perform their job duties. In addition, such events may temporarily interrupt our ability to provide our services. The occurrence of any such event and/or a disruption of our operations as a result may adversely affect our results of operations.

Increased competition, including price competition, could have a material adverse impact on our net revenues and profitability.

We operate in a business that is characterized by intense competition. Our major competitors include large national hospitals that possess greater name recognition, larger customer bases, and significantly greater financial resources and employ substantially more personnel than we do. Many of our competitors have long established relationships. Although our hospitals operate in communities where they are currently the only general acute care hospital, they face substantial competition from other hospitals. Although these competing hospitals may be many miles away, patients in these markets may migrate to these competing hospitals as a result of local physician referrals, managed care plan incentives or personal choices. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with such entities in the future.

The healthcare business is intensely competitive both in terms of price and service. Pricing of services is often one of the most significant factors used by patients, health care providers and third-party payers in selecting a provider. As a result of the healthcare industry undergoing significant consolidation, larger providers are able to increase cost efficiencies. This consolidation results in greater price competition. We may be unable to increase cost efficiencies sufficiently, if at all, and as a result, our net earnings and cash flows could be negatively impacted by such price competition. We may also face competition from companies that do not comply with existing laws or regulations or otherwise disregard compliance standards in the industry. Additionally, we may also face changes in fee schedules, competitive bidding for services or other actions or pressures reducing payment schedules as a result of increased or additional competition. Additional competition, including price competition, could have a material adverse impact on our net revenues and profitability.

Failure to maintain the security of customer-related information or compliance with security requirements could damage the Company’s reputation with patients, and cause it to incur substantial additional costs and to become subject to litigation.

Pursuant to HIPAA and certain similar state laws, we must comply with comprehensive privacy and security standards with respect to the use and disclosure of protected health information. Under the HITECH amendments to HIPAA, HIPAA was expanded to require certain data breach notifications, to extend certain HIPAA privacy and security standards directly to business associates, to heighten penalties for noncompliance and to enhance enforcement efforts. If the Company does not comply with existing or new laws and regulations relating to protecting the privacy and security of personal or health information, it could be subject to monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal sanctions.

The Company receives certain personal and financial information about its patients. In addition, the Company depends upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, including information permitting cashless payments. While we take reasonable and prudent steps to protect this information, a compromise in the Company’s security systems that results in patient personal information being obtained by unauthorized persons or the Company’s failure to comply with security requirements for financial transactions could adversely affect the Company’s reputation with its customers and others, as well as the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. It could also result in litigation against the Company or the imposition of penalties.

Failure of the Company to comply with emerging electronic transmission standards could adversely affect our business.

The failure of our IT systems to keep pace with technological advances may significantly reduce our revenues or increase our expenses. Public and private initiatives to create healthcare information technology (“HCIT”) standards and to mandate standardized clinical coding systems for the electronic exchange of clinical information could require costly modifications to our existing HCIT systems. While we do not expect HCIT standards to be adopted or implemented without adequate time to comply, if we fail to adopt or delay in implementing HCIT standards, we could lose customers and business opportunities.

Compliance with the HIPAA security regulations and privacy regulations may increase the Company’s costs.

The HIPAA privacy and security regulations, including the expanded requirements under HITECH, establish comprehensive federal standards with respect to the use and disclosure of protected health information by health plans, healthcare providers and healthcare clearinghouses, in addition to setting standards to protect the confidentiality, integrity and security of protected health information. The regulations establish a complex regulatory framework on a variety of subjects, including:

The Company has implemented policies and procedures related to compliance with the HIPAA privacy and security regulations, as required by law. The privacy and security regulations establish a “floor” and do not supersede state laws that are more stringent. Therefore, the Company is required to comply with both federal privacy and security regulations and varying state privacy and security laws. In addition, for healthcare data transfers from other countries relating to citizens of those countries, the Company may also be required to comply with the laws of those other countries. The federal privacy regulations restrict the Company’s ability to use or disclose patient identifiable data, without patient authorization, for purposes other than payment, treatment or healthcare operations (as defined by HIPAA), except for disclosures for various public policy purposes and other permitted purposes outlined in the privacy regulations. HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, provides for significant fines and other penalties for wrongful use or disclosure of protected health information in violation of the privacy and security regulations, including potential civil and criminal fines and penalties. Due to the enactment of HITECH and an increase in the amount of monetary financial penalties, government enforcement has also increased. It is not possible to predict what the extent of the impact on business will be, other than heightened scrutiny and emphasis on compliance. If the Company does not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to protecting the privacy and security of health information it could be subject to significant monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal sanctions. In addition, other federal and state laws that protect the privacy and security of patient information may be subject to enforcement and interpretations by various governmental authorities and courts resulting in complex compliance issues. For example, the Company could incur damages under state laws pursuant to an action brought by a private party for the wrongful use or disclosure of confidential health information or other private personal information.

Health care reform and related programs (e.g. Health Insurance Exchanges), changes in government payment and reimbursement systems, or changes in payer mix, including an increase in capitated reimbursement mechanisms and evolving delivery models, could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s net revenues, profitability and cash flow.

Our services are billed to private patients, Medicare, Medicaid, commercial clients, managed care organizations (“MCOs”) and third-party insurance companies. Bills may be sent to different payers depending on the medical insurance benefits of a particular patient. Increases in the percentage of services billed to government and managed care payers could have an adverse impact on the Company’s net revenues.

A portion of the third-party insurance fee-for-service revenues are collectible from patients in the form of deductibles, copayments and coinsurance. As patient cost-sharing increases, collectability may be impacted.

In addition, Medicare and Medicaid and private insurers have increased their efforts to control the cost, utilization and delivery of health care services. Measures to regulate health care delivery have resulted in reduced prices, added costs and decreased utilization as well as increased complexity and new regulatory and administrative requirements. Changes to, or repeal of, the ACA, the health care reform legislation passed in 2010, also may continue to affect coverage, reimbursement and utilization of services, as well as administrative requirements, in ways that are currently unpredictable.

The Company expects efforts to impose reduced reimbursement, more stringent payment policies and utilization and cost controls by government and other payers to continue. If the Company cannot offset additional reductions in the payments it receives for its services by reducing costs, increasing the number of patients treated and/or introducing new procedures, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s net revenues, profitability and cash flows.

As an employer, health care reform legislation also contains numerous regulations that will require the Company to implement significant process and record keeping changes to be in compliance. These changes increase the cost of providing healthcare coverage to employees and their families. Given the limited release of regulations to guide compliance, as well as potential changes to or repeal of the ACA, the exact impact to employers including the Company is uncertain.

A failure to identify and successfully close and integrate strategic acquisition targets could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business objectives and its net revenues and profitability.

Part of the Company’s strategy involves deploying capital in investments that enhance the Company’s business, which includes pursuing strategic acquisitions to strengthen the Company’s capabilities and increase its presence in key geographic areas. However, the Company cannot assure that it will be able to identify acquisition targets that are attractive to the Company or that are of a large enough size to have a meaningful impact on the Company’s operating results. Furthermore, the successful closing and integration of a strategic acquisition entails numerous risks, including, among others:

The Company cannot assure that current or future acquisitions, if any, or any related integration efforts will be successful, or that the Company’s business will not be adversely affected by any future acquisitions, including with respect to net revenues and profitability. Even if the Company is able to successfully integrate the operations of businesses that it may acquire in the future, the Company may not be able to realize the benefits that it expects from such acquisitions.

Adverse results in material litigation matters or governmental inquiries could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s business and financial condition.

The Company may become subject in the ordinary course of business to material legal action related to, among other things, intellectual property disputes, professional liability, contracts and employee-related matters, as well as inquiries and requests for information from governmental agencies and bodies and Medicare or Medicaid payors requesting comment and/or information on allegations of billing irregularities, billing and pricing arrangements, privacy practices and other matters that are brought to their attention through billing audits or third parties. The healthcare industry is subject to substantial Federal and state government regulation and audit. Legal actions could result in substantial monetary damages as well as damage to the Company’s reputation with customers, which could have a material adverse effect upon its business.

As a company with limited capital and human resources, we anticipate that more of management’s time and attention will be diverted from our business to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements than would be the case with a company that has well established controls and procedures. This diversion of management’s time and attention may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the event we identify significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that we cannot remediate in a timely manner, or if we are unable to receive a positive attestation from our independent registered public accounting firm with respect to our internal control over financial reporting when we are required to do so, investors and others may lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. If this occurs, the trading price of our common stock, if any, and ability to obtain any necessary equity or debt financing could suffer. Presently, our auditors are not required to audit internal controls over financial reporting. However, if in the future such a requirement arises, and in the event that our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to rely on our internal control over financial reporting in connection with its audit of our financial statements, and in the further event that it is unable to devise alternative procedures in order to satisfy itself as to the material accuracy of our financial statements and related disclosures, we may be unable to file our periodic reports with the SEC. This would likely have an adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock, if any, and our ability to secure any necessary additional financing, and could result in the delisting of our common stock. In such event, the liquidity of our common stock would be severely limited and the market price of our common stock would likely decline significantly.

An inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified personnel could adversely affect the Company’s business.

The loss of key management personnel or the inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified employees by the Company could adversely affect the business. The success of the Company is dependent in part on the efforts of key members of its management team.

Failure in the Company’s information technology systems or delays or failures in the development and implementation of updates or enhancements to those systems could significantly delay billing and otherwise disrupt the Company’s operations or patient relationships.

The Company’s business and patient relationships depend, in part, on the continued performance of its information technology systems. Despite network security measures and other precautions, the Company’s information technology systems are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptions. Sustained system failures or interruption of the Company’s systems in one or more of its operations could disrupt the Company’s ability to conduct its business. Breaches with respect to protected health information could result in violations of HIPAA and analogous state laws, and risk the imposition of significant fines and penalties. Failure of the Company’s information technology systems could adversely affect the Company’s business, profitability and financial condition.

Increasing health insurance premiums and co-payments or high deductible health plans may cause individuals to forgo health insurance and avoid medical attention, either of which may reduce demand for our products and services.

Health insurance premiums, co-payments and deductibles have generally increased in recent years. These increases may cause individuals to forgo health insurance, as well as medical attention. This behavior may reduce demand for services at our hospitals.

Our business has substantial indebtedness.

We currently have, and will likely continue to have, a substantial amount of indebtedness. Our indebtedness could, among other things, make it more difficult for us to satisfy our debt and other obligations, require us to use a large portion of our cash flow from operations to repay and service our debt or otherwise create liquidity problems, limit our flexibility to adjust to market conditions and place us at a competitive disadvantage. As of September 30, 2020, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $20.6 million, primarily all of which is short term and much of which is past due. As a result of non-payment of past due debentures, notes payable and finance leases, we have recorded penalties of approximately $6.7 million and penalty interest of approximately $6.9 million as of September 30, 2020.

Our ability to meet our obligations depends on our future performance and capital raising activities, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If our cash flow and capital resources prove inadequate to allow us to pay the principal and interest on our debt, and meet our other obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations, restructure or refinance our debt, which we may be unable to do on acceptable terms, and forego attractive business opportunities. In addition, the terms of our existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from pursuing any of these alternatives.

Failure to achieve and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting may result in our not being able to accurately report our financial results. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our stock.

Our management has determined that as of September 30, 2020, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework as a result of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If the results of our remediation efforts regarding our material weaknesses are not successful, or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies are identified in our internal control over financial reporting, our management will be unable to report favorably as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and/or our disclosure controls and procedures, and we could be required to further implement expensive and time-consuming remedial measures and potentially lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on our stock price and potentially subject us to litigation.

Hardware and software failures, delays in the operation of computer and communications systems, the failure to implement new systems or system enhancements to existing systems or cyber security breaches may harm the Company.

The Company’s success depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of its computer and communications systems. A failure of the network or data gathering procedures could impede the processing of data, delivery of databases and services and day-to-day management of the business and could result in the corruption or loss of data. While certain operations have appropriate disaster recovery plans in place, we currently do not have sufficient redundant facilities to provide IT capacity in the event of a system failure. Despite any precautions the Company may take, damage from fire, floods, hurricanes, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, break-ins, cybersecurity breaches and similar events at our computer facilities could result in interruptions in the flow of data to the servers and from the servers to clients.

In addition, any failure by the computer environment to provide required data communications capacity could result in interruptions in service. In the event of a delay in the delivery of data, the Company could be required to transfer data collection operations to an alternative provider of server hosting services. Such a transfer could result in delays in the ability to deliver products and services to clients. Additionally, significant delays in the planned delivery of system enhancements, and improvements and inadequate performance of the systems once they are completed could damage the Company’s reputation and harm the business. Finally, long-term disruptions in the infrastructure caused by events such as natural disasters, the outbreak of war, the escalation of hostilities, acts of terrorism (particularly involving cities in which the Company has operations) and cybersecurity breaches could adversely affect the business. Although the Company carries property and business interruption insurance, the coverage may not be adequate to compensate for all losses that may occur.

Provisions of Delaware law and our organizational documents may discourage takeovers and business combinations that our stockholders may consider in their best interests, which could negatively affect our stock price.

Provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company or deterring tender offers for our common stock that other stockholders may consider in their best interests.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more different series with terms to be fixed by our board of directors. Stockholder approval is not necessary to issue preferred stock in this manner. Issuance of these shares of preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult and more expensive for a person or group to acquire control of us, and could effectively be used as an anti-takeover device.

Our bylaws provide for an advance notice procedure for stockholders to nominate director candidates for election or to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors, and require that special meetings of stockholders be called only by our chairman of the board, chief executive officer, president or the board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the board.

The anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and provisions in our organizational documents may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

As a public company, we incur significant administrative workload and expenses.

As a public company, we must comply with various laws, regulations and requirements, including certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules implemented by the SEC. Complying with these statutes, regulations and requirements, including our public company reporting requirements, continues to occupy a significant amount of the time of our board of directors and management and involves significant accounting, legal and other expenses. We will need to hire additional accounting personnel to handle these responsibilities, which will increase our operating costs. Furthermore, these laws, regulations and requirements could make it more difficult or more costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

New laws and regulations as well as changes to existing laws and regulations affecting public companies, including the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules adopted by the SEC, would likely result in increased costs to us as we respond to their requirements. We are investing resources to comply with evolving laws and regulations, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and certain of our financing agreements, while outstanding, prohibit us from declaring or paying cash dividends without approval which may not be granted. In addition, we anticipate that we will retain our earnings, if any, for future growth and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investment unless the trading price of our common stock appreciates, which is uncertain and unpredictable.

We may use our stock to pay, to a large extent, for future acquisitions or for the repayment of debt, which would be dilutive to investors.

We may choose to use additional stock to pay, to a large extent, for future acquisitions or for the repayment of debt, and believe that doing so will enable us to retain a greater percentage of our operating capital to pay for operations and marketing. Price and volume fluctuations in our stock might negatively impact our ability to effectively use our stock to pay for acquisitions, or could cause us to offer stock as consideration for acquisitions on terms that are not favorable to us and our stockholders. If we did resort to issuing stock in lieu of cash for acquisitions or the repayment of debt under unfavorable circumstances, it would result in increased dilution to investors.

The success of our hospitals depends upon their ability to maintain good relationships with physicians and, if a hospital is unable to successfully maintain good relationships with physicians, admissions and outpatient revenues may decrease and operating performance could decline.

Because physicians generally direct the majority of hospital admissions and outpatient services, a hospital’s success is, in part, dependent upon the number and quality of physicians on the medical staffs, the admissions and referrals practices of the physicians and the ability to maintain good relations with physicians. If one or more of our hospitals is unable to successfully maintain good relationships with physicians, admissions may decrease and operating performance could decline.

Our hospital operations are dependent on the local economies and the surrounding areas in which they operate. A significant deterioration in those economies could cause a material adverse effect on our hospitals’ businesses.

Each of our hospital operations is dependent upon the local economy where it is located. A significant deterioration in that economy would negatively impact the demand for the hospital’s services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for service as rendered.

On June 1, 2018, we acquired certain assets related to our Jamestown Regional Medical Center. This hospital is 38 miles west of our Big South Fork Medical Center. On March 5, 2019, we acquired certain assets related to Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center. Jellico Community Hospital is 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center, and CarePlus is nearby in Kentucky. Although the Company believes the synergies of management and services in a close geographic location will create numerous efficiencies for the Company, it has exposed the Company to a much greater degree to the effects of the economy in that one area.

Our revenues are concentrated in Tennessee, which makes us particularly sensitive to changes in that state.

Our revenues are particularly sensitive to regulatory and economic changes in the State of Tennessee. Any change in the current demographic, economic, competitive or regulatory conditions in the state could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Changes to the Medicaid program or other health care laws or regulations in that state could also have an adverse effect.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and those documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain forward-looking statements. Statements contained in this prospectus that refer to the Company’s estimated or anticipated future results are forward-looking statements that reflect current perspective of existing trends and information as of the date of this prospectus. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “should,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. Such forward-looking statements include statements about the Company’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. It is important to note that the Company’s goals and expectations are not predictions of actual performance. Actual results may differ materially from the Company’s current expectations depending upon a number of factors affecting the Company’s business. These risks and uncertainties include those set forth under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5, as well as, among others, business effects, including the effects of industry, economic or political conditions outside of the Company’s control; the inherent uncertainty associated with financial projections; the anticipated size of the markets and continued demand for the Company’s products and services; the impact of competitive products and pricing; and access to available financing on a timely basis and on reasonable terms. We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive.

When relying on forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to the Company, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events and read the Company’s filings with the SEC for a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, except as may be required by law. The Company qualifies all forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will incur all costs associated with this registration statement and prospectus, which we anticipate to be approximately $______. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock covered hereby by any of the Selling Stockholders. However, we may receive proceeds from the cash exercise of the Class B Warrants which, if exercised in full in cash, would result in gross proceeds of $911,650. The shares of common stock to be sold in this offering have not yet been issued and will only be issued upon exercise of the Class B Warrants.

MARKET PRICE FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

Since October 25, 2017, our common stock has been traded on the OTC Pink under the symbol “RNVA”. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock as reported for the periods indicated, as adjusted to reflect all applicable reverse stock splits. Such quotations represent inter-dealer prices without retail markup, markdown or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. On February __, 2021, the closing price for our common stock as reported on the OTC Pink was $[●] per share.

As of February __, 2021, there were approximately [●] stockholders of record of our common stock, which excludes stockholders whose shares were held in nominee or street name by brokers.

Dividend Policy

Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to dividends when, as, and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. The holders of the Rennova Series F Preferred Stock and Series H Preferred Stock receive dividends at the same time any dividend is paid on shares of common stock in an amount equal to the amount such holder would have received if such shares of preferred stock were converted into common stock. Except for stock dividends, the holders of Rennova’s Series L Preferred Stock are not entitled to receive dividends on their shares. For each of Rennova’s Series M Preferred Stock and Series N Preferred Stock, dividends at the rate per annum of 10% of the stated value per share accrue on each outstanding share from and after the date of the original issuance of such share. Such accruing dividends accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and are cumulative and non-compounding, provided, however, that such accruing dividends are payable only when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. No cash dividends may be paid on the common stock unless these accruing dividends are paid.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Certain of our financing agreements prohibit the payment of cash dividends.

The Company intends to retain earnings, if any, to finance the development and expansion of its business. Future dividend policy will be subject to the discretion of the board of directors and will be contingent upon future earnings, if any, the Company’s financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions, restrictions under the Company’s financing agreements and other factors. Therefore, there can be no assurance that any dividends of any kind will ever be paid on the Company’s common stock.

BUSINESS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Rennova Health, Inc. (“Rennova” or the “Company”) is a provider of healthcare services for healthcare providers, their patients and individuals. In late 2016, the Company decided to pursue the opportunity to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals and is currently focused on implementing this business model. The Company now owns three hospitals and a physician’s office in Tennessee and a rural clinic in Kentucky. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its last clinical laboratory outside of its hospital labs, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., and as a result EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.’s operations have been classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations for all periods in 2020. The Company’s operations now consist of only one business segment, Hospital Operations.

Hospital Operations

We believe that the acquisition or development of rural hospitals will create a stable revenue base from a needed service and believe that we can expand the sales of our products and services to surrounding medical providers and doctors’ groups.

Scott County Community Hospital (DBA Big South Fork Medical Center)

On January 13, 2017, we closed on an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to Scott County Community Hospital, based in Oneida, Tennessee (the “Oneida Assets”). The Oneida Assets include a 52,000 square foot hospital building and 6,300 square foot professional building on approximately 4.3 acres. Scott County Community Hospital is classified as a Critical Access Hospital (rural) with 25 beds, a 24/7 emergency department, operating rooms and a laboratory that provides a range of diagnostic services. Scott County Community Hospital closed in July 2016 in connection with the bankruptcy filing of its parent company, Pioneer Health Services, Inc. We acquired the Oneida Assets out of bankruptcy for a purchase price of $1.0 million. The hospital, which has been renamed Big South Fork Medical Center, became operational on August 8, 2017.

Jamestown Regional Medical Center

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee, referred to as Jamestown Regional Medical Center. The purchase was completed on June 1, 2018. The hospital was acquired by a newly-formed subsidiary, Jamestown TN Medical Center, Inc., and is an 85-bed facility of approximately 90,000 square feet on over eight acres of land, which offers a 24-hour Emergency Department with two spacious trauma bays and seven private exam rooms, inpatient and outpatient medical services and a Progressive Care Unit which provides telemetry services. The acquisition also included a separate physician practice known as Mountain View Physician Practice, Inc. Jamestown is located 38 miles west of our Big South Fork Medical Center. The Company suspended operations at the hospital in June 2019, as a result of the termination of its Medicare agreement. The Company plans to reopen the hospital upon receiving Medicare approval and securing adequate capital to do so.

Jellico Medical Center

On March 5, 2019, the Company closed an asset purchase agreement whereby it acquired certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jellico, Tennessee and an outpatient clinic located in Williamsburg, Kentucky. The hospital is known as Jellico Community Hospital and the clinic is known as the CarePlus Center. The hospital and the clinic and their associated assets were acquired from Jellico Community Hospital, Inc. and CarePlus Rural Health Clinic, LLC, respectively.

Jellico Community Hospital is a fully operational 54-bed acute care facility that offers comprehensive services, including diagnostic imaging, radiology, surgery (general, gynecological and vascular), nuclear medicine, wound care and hyperbaric medicine, intensive care, emergency care and physical therapy. Jellico is located 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center. The CarePlus Center offers sophisticated testing capabilities and compassionate care, all in a modern, patient-friendly environment. Services include diagnostic imaging services, x-ray, mammography, bone densitometry, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, physical therapy and laboratory services on a walk-in basis.

The purchase price was $658,537. This purchase price was made available by Christopher Diamantis, a former director of the Company. Diligence, legal and other costs associated with the acquisition were approximately $250,000, meaning the total cost of acquisition to the Company was approximately $908,000.

Our hospital operations began on August 8, 2017, following the receipt of the required licenses and regulatory approvals. They generated net revenues of approximately $5.9 million and approximately $13.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $16.1 million and approximately $14.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During 2019 and 2018, based on our revenue collection history achieved, management recognized an approximately 13% and 17% hospital collection rate, respectively.

Discontinued Operations

On July 12, 2017, we announced plans to spin off our Advanced Molecular Services Group (“AMSG”) and in the third quarter of 2017 our Board of Directors voted unanimously to spin off the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Health Technology Solutions, Inc. (“HTS”), as independent publicly traded companies by way of tax-free distributions to the Company’s stockholders. On June 10, 2020, the Company signed an agreement for the separation of these divisions into a public company. The agreement is with TPT Global Tech, Inc. (OTC: TPTW), a California-based public company, to merge HTS and AMSG into a public company after TPT completes a merger of its wholly-owned subsidiary, InnovaQor, Inc., with this public company. The public company will be known as InnovaQor going forward. Completion of the agreement is subject to a number of approvals and consents which need to be secured to complete the transaction. Subject to closing and the relevant SEC approvals it is intended that Rennova will receive approximately $22 million of preferred shares in the transaction, $5 million of which will be converted to common shares in the public company, and distributed to Rennova shareholders upon completion of the relevant registration/approvals with the SEC. The remaining approximately $17 million of preferred shares held by Rennova as an investment in InnovaQor will be convertible to common shares on achievement of certain milestones going forward. There can be no assurance that the transaction as described will be consummated or that terms including numbers or values for consideration shares will not change significantly before closing

The strategic goal of this transaction is to create a separate public company which can focus on its own strengths and operational plans and create value for Rennova and its shareholders. The Company has reflected the amounts relating to AMSG and HTS (referred to as the AMSG & HTS Group) as deposal groups classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations in the Company’s financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its last clinical laboratory outside of its hospital labs, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., and as a result EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.’s operations have been classified as held for sale and included in discontinued operations for all periods in 2020 in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Recent Developments

Reverse Stock Split

On July 30, 2020, the Company filed an Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation in order to effect a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split of the Company’s shares of common stock effective on July 31, 2020. On May 7, 2020, the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the Company’s securities approved an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse split of all of the Company’s shares of common stock at a specific ratio within a range from 1-for-100 to 1-for-10,000, and granted authorization to the Board of Directors to determine in its discretion the specific ratio and timing of the reverse split on or prior to December 31, 2020. The Board approved the specific ratio and timing on July 22, 2020.

As a result of the reverse stock split, every 10,000 shares of the Company’s pre-reverse split common stock were combined and reclassified into one share of the Company’s common stock. Proportionate voting rights and other rights of common stockholders were not affected by the reverse stock split, other than as a result of the cash payment for any fractional shares that would have otherwise been issued. Stockholders who would otherwise hold a fractional share of common stock received a cash payment in respect of such fraction of a share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split.

The reverse stock split became effective at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on July 31, 2020 and the Company’s common stock continued to trade on a post-split basis at the open of business on August 3, 2020. The Company’s post-reverse split common stock has a new CUSIP number, but the par value and other terms of the common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split, except that, for the first 20 days after the reverse split, the common stock traded under the symbol “RNVAD”. It currently trades under our existing symbol “RNVA”. Prior to the reverse split, the Company had approximately 9.9 billion shares of common stock outstanding, which resulted in approximately 990,000 post-split shares.

All outstanding preferred shares, stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans immediately prior to the reverse stock split have generally been appropriately adjusted by dividing the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred shares, stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans were exercisable or convertible by 10,000 and multiplying the exercise or conversion price by 10,000, as a result of the reverse stock split.

Voting Agreement

On August 13, 2020, Mr. Diamantis entered into a Voting Agreement and Irrevocable Proxy (the “Voting Agreement”) with the Company, Mr. Lagan and Alcimede LLC (of which Mr. Lagan is the sole manager) pursuant to which Mr. Diamantis granted an irrevocable proxy to Mr. Lagan to vote the Series M Preferred Stock held by Mr. Diamantis, Mr. Diamantis has retained all other rights under the Series M Preferred Stock. The foregoing description of the Voting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to the Voting Agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and is incorporated herein by reference.

Exchange of Debentures and Preferred Stock

On August 31, 2020, the Company entered into Exchange, Redemption and Forbearance Agreements (the “Agreements”) with certain institutional investors in the Company. In the Agreements, the investors agreed to reduce their holdings of the Company’s debentures by approximately $19.3 million (including accrued interest and penalties) by exchanging the debentures and all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series I-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series I-2 Convertible Preferred Stock for 30,435 shares of the Company’s newly-authorized Series N Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series N Preferred Stock”). The terms of the Series N Preferred Stock are set forth under “Description of Capital Stock – Preferred Stock”. Christopher Diamantis, a former director of the Company, is also a party to the Agreements as he continues to be a guarantor of a portion of the remaining debt.

The investors continue to own, after the initial exchange, approximately $14.9 million (including accrued interest and penalties) of debentures, but agreed that the Company could redeem $10 million of its obligations under these debentures held by the investors at face value, plus accrued interest and penalties. These debentures include approximately $5.0 million under debentures that have been guaranteed by Mr. Diamantis. This redemption right was exercisable for 90 days after August 31, 2020. If it had been exercised in full, the remaining debentures held by the investors (totaling approximately $4.9 million, including accrued interest and penalties) would have been exchanged for approximately 4,900 additional shares of Series N Preferred Stock.

During the 90-day redemption period (or until the occurrence of certain specified events, if earlier), the investors agreed to forbear from exercising any remedies against the Company or Mr. Diamantis as a result of any existing defaults under the outstanding securities. During that period, additional interest and penalties did not accrue and would have been forgiven if the redemption right was exercised in full. The redemption right was not exercised and all such additional amounts have become due and payable.

Outlook

We believe that the transition of our business model from diagnostics is now complete and once stabilized will create more predictable and stable revenue. Rural hospitals provide a much-needed service to their local communities and reduce our reliance on commission-based sales employees to generate sales. We currently operate two hospitals and a rural clinic in the same general geographic location and own another hospital and physician’s office at which operations are currently suspended. Owning a number of facilities in the same geographic location will create numerous efficiencies in purchasing and staffing and will enable the provision of additional, specialized and more valuable services that are needed by rural communities but cannot be sustained by a standalone rural hospital. We remain confident that this is a sustainable model we can continue to grow through acquisition and development and believe that we can benefit from the compliance and IT and software capabilities we already have in place. The progress of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, which is more fully discussed below, has severely affected our operations and may cause such expectations not to be achieved or, even if achieved, not to be done in the expected timeframe.

Impact of the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our operations and we have taken steps intended to minimize the risk to our employees and patients. These steps have increased our costs and our revenues have been significantly adversely affected. Demand for hospital services has substantially decreased. As noted in Notes 1 and 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus, we have received Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans as well as Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Provider Relief Funds from the federal government. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required. Going forward, we are unable to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect our business. The nature and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our balance sheet and results of operations will depend on the severity and length of the pandemic in our service areas; government activities to mitigate the pandemic’s effect; regulatory changes in response to the pandemic, especially those affecting rural hospitals; and existing and potential government assistance that may be provided.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken by governments to seek to reduce its spread have severely impacted the economy and the health care industry in particular. Hospitals have especially been affected. Small rural hospitals, such as ours, may be overwhelmed by patients if conditions worsen in their local areas. Staffing costs, and concerns due to the potential exposure to infections, may increase, as may the costs of needed medical supplies necessary to keep the hospitals open. Doctors and patients may defer elective procedures and other health care services. Travel bans, social distancing and quarantines may limit access to our facilities. Business closings and layoffs in our local areas may result in the loss of insurance and adversely affect demand for our services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for services as rendered.

Hospitalizations in Tennessee for COVID-19 have been increasing. In particular, infection rates in each of the three counties in which the Company owns hospitals are at the highest levels to date. These developments have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse effect on the Company and the operations of our hospitals. Our plans to reopen our Jamestown Regional Medical Center, whose operations were suspended in June 2019, have been disrupted by the pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed.

On September 14, 2020, the Company announced that it had purchased and taken delivery of equipment to provide rapid testing for COVID-19 at Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlan Center and Big South Fork Medical Center in an effort to provide the Company with an additional revenue stream.

Clinical Diagnostics

Prior to our focus on hospital operations, our principal focus had been clinical laboratory blood and urine testing services, with a particular emphasis on the provision of urine drug toxicology testing to physicians, clinics and rehabilitation facilities in the United States. Testing services to physicians, clinics and rehabilitation facilities represented less than 1% of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This sector has been fraught with difficulties over the past number of years as payers reduced reimbursement and coverage for diagnostics in this sector. The lack of consistency between payer’s policies and their requirement for proof of medical necessity created uncertainty for ordering physicians and testing laboratories and their ability to receive payment. In the first quarter of 2018, we reduced the number of laboratories we operated to one facility operated by EPIC Reference Labs, Inc. in Palm Beach County, Florida.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell this last clinical laboratory and, as a result, the Company no longer owns or operates clinical laboratories outside of the hospital labs.

Competition

The healthcare industry is highly competitive among hospitals and other healthcare providers for patients, affiliations with physicians and acquisitions. The most significant competition our hospitals, and any other hospitals we may acquire, face comes from hospitals that provide more complex services, and other healthcare providers, including outpatient surgery, orthopedic, oncology and diagnostic centers that also compete for patients. Our hospitals, our competitors, and other healthcare industry participants are increasingly implementing physician alignment strategies, such as acquiring physician practice groups, employing physicians and participating in accountable care organizations (“ACOs”) or other clinical integration models, which may impact our competitive position. In addition, increasing consolidation within the payor industry, vertical integration efforts involving payors and healthcare providers, and cost-reduction strategies by large employer groups and their affiliates may impact our ability to contract with payors on favorable terms and otherwise affect our competitive position.

Governmental Regulation

Overview

The healthcare industry is governed by an extremely complex framework of federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations, and there continue to be federal and state proposals that would, and actions that do, impose limitations on government and private payments to providers. In addition, there regularly are proposals to increase co-payments and deductibles from program and private patients. Facilities also are affected by controls imposed by government and private payors designed to reduce admissions and lengths of stay. Such controls include what is commonly referred to as “utilization review”. Utilization review entails the review of a patient’s admission and course of treatment by a third party. Historically, utilization review has resulted in a decrease in certain treatments and procedures being performed. Utilization review is required in connection with the provision of care which is to be funded by Medicare and Medicaid and is also required under many managed care arrangements.

Many states have enacted, or are considering enacting, additional measures that are designed to reduce their Medicaid expenditures and to make changes to private healthcare insurance. Various states have applied, or are considering applying, for a waiver from current Medicaid regulations in order to allow them to serve some of their Medicaid participants through managed care providers. These proposals also may attempt to include coverage for some people who presently are uninsured, and generally could have the effect of reducing payments to hospitals, physicians and other providers for the same level of service provided under Medicaid.

Healthcare Facility Regulation

Certificate of Need Requirements

A number of states require approval for the purchase, construction or expansion of various healthcare facilities, including findings of need for additional or expanded healthcare services. Certificates of Need (“CONs”), which are issued by governmental agencies with jurisdiction over applicable healthcare facilities, are at times required for capital expenditures exceeding a prescribed amount, changes in bed capacity or the addition of services and certain other matters. Tennessee, the state in which we currently operate our hospitals, has a CON law that applies to such facilities. States periodically review, modify and revise their CON laws and related regulations. Any violation of state CON laws can result in the imposition of civil sanctions or the revocation of licenses for such facilities. We are unable to predict whether our hospitals will be able to obtain any CONs that may be necessary to accomplish their business objectives in any jurisdiction where such certificates of need are required. Violation of these state laws may result in the imposition of civil sanctions or the revocation of licenses for such facilities. In addition, future healthcare facility acquisitions also may occur in states that require CONs.

Future healthcare facility acquisitions also may occur in states that do not require CONs or which have less stringent CON requirements than the state in which Rennova currently operates its hospitals. Any healthcare facility operated by the Company in such states may face increased competition from new or expanding facilities operated by competitors, including physicians.

Utilization Review Compliance and Hospital Governance

Healthcare facilities are subject to, and are required to comply with, various forms of utilization review. In addition, under the Medicare prospective payment system, each state must have a peer review organization to carry out a federally mandated system of review of Medicare patient admissions, treatments and discharges in hospitals. Medical and surgical services and physician practices are supervised by committees of staff doctors at each healthcare facility, are overseen by each healthcare facility’s local governing board, the primary voting members of which are physicians and community members, and are reviewed by quality assurance personnel. The local governing boards also help maintain standards for quality care, develop long-range plans, establish, review and enforce practices and procedures and approve the credentials and disciplining of medical staff members.

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (“EMTALA”) is a federal law that requires any hospital that participates in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency department for treatment and, if the patient is suffering from an emergency medical condition or is in active labor, to either stabilize that condition or make an appropriate transfer of the patient to a facility that can handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of a patient’s ability to pay for treatment. There are severe penalties under EMTALA if a hospital fails to screen or appropriately stabilize or transfer a patient or if the hospital delays appropriate treatment in order to first inquire about the patient’s ability to pay. Penalties for violations of EMTALA include civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in the Medicare program, the Medicaid program or both. In addition, an injured patient, the patient’s family or a medical facility that suffers a financial loss as a direct result of another hospital’s violation of the law can bring a civil suit against that other hospital. Although we believe that our hospitals comply with EMTALA, we cannot predict whether the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) will implement new requirements in the future and whether our hospitals will be able to comply with any new requirements.

General Healthcare Regulations

Drugs and Controlled Substances

Various licenses and permits are required by our hospitals to dispense narcotics. They are required to register our dispensing operations for permits and/or licenses with, and comply with certain operating and security standards of, the United States Drug Enforcement Agency (“DEA”), the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), state health departments and other state agencies.

Fraud and Abuse, Anti-Kickback and Self-Referral Regulations

Participation in the Medicare and/or Medicaid programs is heavily regulated by federal statutes and regulations. If we fail to comply substantially with the numerous federal laws governing our businesses, our participation in the Medicare and/or Medicaid programs may be terminated and/or civil or criminal penalties may be imposed. For example, a hospital may lose its ability to participate in the Medicare and/or Medicaid programs if it:

Hospitals continue to be one of the primary focus areas of the OIG and other governmental fraud and abuse programs and the OIG has issued and periodically updated compliance program guidance for hospitals. Each federal fiscal year, the OIG also publishes a General Work Plan that provides a brief description of the activities that the OIG plans to initiate or continue with respect to the programs and operations of the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) and details the areas that the OIG believes are prone to fraud and abuse.

Sections of the Anti-Fraud and Abuse Amendments to the Social Security Act, commonly known as the “anti-kickback” statute, prohibit certain business practices and relationships that might influence the provision and cost of healthcare services reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid, TriCare or other healthcare programs, including the payment or receipt of remuneration for the referral of patients whose care will be funded by Medicare or other government programs. Sanctions for violating the anti-kickback statute include criminal penalties and civil sanctions, including fines and possible exclusion from future participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. HHS has issued regulations that create safe harbors under the anti-kickback statute. A given business arrangement that does not fall within an enumerated safe harbor is not per se illegal; however, business arrangements that fail to satisfy the applicable safe harbor criteria are subject to increased scrutiny by enforcement authorities.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) broadened the scope of the fraud and abuse laws by adding several criminal statutes that are not related to receipt of payments from a federal healthcare program. HIPAA created civil penalties for proscribed conduct, including upcoding and billing for medically unnecessary goods or services. These laws cover all health insurance programs, private as well as governmental. In addition, HIPAA broadened the scope of certain fraud and abuse laws, such as the anti-kickback statute, to include not just Medicare and Medicaid services, but all healthcare services reimbursed under a federal or state healthcare program. Finally, HIPAA established enforcement mechanisms to combat fraud and abuse. These mechanisms include a bounty system where a portion of the payment recovered is returned to the government agencies, as well as a whistleblower program, where a portion of the payment received is paid to the whistleblower. HIPAA also expanded the categories of persons that may be excluded from participation in federal and state healthcare programs.

There is increasing scrutiny by law enforcement authorities, the OIG, the courts and the U.S. Congress of arrangements between healthcare providers and potential referral sources to ensure that the arrangements are not designed as mechanisms to exchange remuneration for patient-care referrals and opportunities. Investigators also have demonstrated a willingness to look behind the formalities of a business transaction and to reinterpret the underlying purpose of payments between healthcare providers and potential referral sources. Enforcement actions have increased, as is evidenced by highly publicized enforcement investigations of certain hospital activities.

In addition, provisions of the Social Security Act, known as the Stark Act, also prohibit physicians from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients to providers of a broad range of designated health services with which the physicians or their immediate family members have ownership or certain other financial arrangements. Certain exceptions are available for employment agreements, leases, physician recruitment and certain other physician arrangements. A person making a referral, or seeking payment for services referred, in violation of the Stark Act is subject to civil monetary penalties; restitution of any amounts received for illegally billed claims; and/or exclusion from future participation in the Medicare program, which can subject the person or entity to exclusion from future participation in state healthcare programs.

Further, if any physician or entity enters into an arrangement or scheme that the physician or entity knows or should have known has the principal purpose of assuring referrals by the physician to a particular entity, and the physician directly makes referrals to such entity, then such physician or entity could be subject to a civil monetary penalty. Compliance with and the enforcing of penalties for violations of these laws and regulations is changing and increasing. For example, CMS has issued a “self-referral disclosure protocol” for hospitals and other providers that wish to self-disclose potential violations of the Stark Act and attempt to resolve those potential violations and any related overpayment liabilities at levels below the maximum penalties and amounts set forth in the statute. In light of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act that created potential liabilities under the federal False Claims Act (discussed below) for failing to report and repay known overpayments and return an overpayment within 60 days of the identification of the overpayment or the date by which a corresponding cost report is due, whichever is later, hospitals and other healthcare providers are encouraged to disclose potential violations of the Stark Act to CMS. It is likely that self-disclosure of Stark Act violations will increase in the future. Finally, many states have adopted or are considering similar legislative proposals, some of which extend beyond the Medicaid program, to prohibit the payment or receipt of remuneration for the referral of patients and physician self-referrals regardless of the source of the payment for the care.

The Federal False Claims Act and Similar State Laws

The Federal False Claims Act prohibits providers from, among other things, knowingly submitting false or fraudulent claims for payment to the federal government. The False Claims Act defines the term “knowingly” broadly, and while simple negligence generally will not give rise to liability, submitting a claim with reckless disregard to its truth or falsity can constitute the “knowing” submission of a false or fraudulent claim for the purposes of the False Claims Act. The “qui tam” or “whistleblower” provisions of the False Claims Act allow private individuals to bring actions under the False Claims Act on behalf of the government. These private parties are entitled to share in any amounts recovered by the government, and, as a result, the number of “whistleblower” lawsuits that have been filed against providers has increased significantly in recent years. When a private party brings a qui tam action under the False Claims Act, the defendant will generally not be aware of the lawsuit until the government makes a determination whether it will intervene and take a lead in the litigation. If a provider is found to be liable under the False Claims Act, the provider may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government plus mandatory civil monetary penalties for each separate false claim. The government has used the False Claims Act to prosecute Medicare and other government healthcare program fraud such as coding errors, billing for services not provided, submitting false cost reports, and providing care that is not medically necessary or that is substandard in quality.

HIPAA Transaction, Privacy and Security Requirements

HIPAA and federal regulations issued pursuant to HIPAA contain, among other measures, provisions that have required the Company to implement modified or new computer systems, employee training programs and business procedures. The federal regulations are intended to encourage electronic commerce in the healthcare industry, provide for the confidentiality and privacy of patient healthcare information and ensure the security of healthcare information.

A violation of the HIPAA regulations could result in civil money penalties per standard violated. HIPAA also provides for criminal penalties and one year in prison for knowingly and improperly obtaining or disclosing protected health information, up to five years in prison for obtaining protected health information under false pretenses and up to ten years in prison for obtaining or disclosing protected health information with the intent to sell, transfer or use such information for commercial advantage, personal gain or malicious harm. Since there is limited history of enforcement efforts by the federal government at this time, it is difficult to ascertain the likelihood of enforcement efforts in connection with the HIPAA regulations or the potential for fines and penalties, which may result from any violation of the regulations.

HIPAA Privacy Regulations

HIPAA privacy regulations protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information. The regulations provide increased patient control over medical records, mandate substantial financial penalties for violation of a patient’s right to privacy and, with a few exceptions, require that an individual’s individually identifiable health information only be used for healthcare-related purposes. These privacy standards apply to all health plans, all healthcare clearinghouses and all healthcare providers, such as our hospitals, that transmit health information in an electronic form in connection with standard transactions, and apply to individually identifiable information held or disclosed by a covered entity in any form. These standards impose extensive administrative requirements on our hospitals and require compliance with rules governing the use and disclosure of such health information, and they require our facilities to impose these rules, by contract, on any business associate to whom we disclose such information in order to perform functions on our behalf. In addition, our hospitals are subject to any state laws that are more restrictive than the privacy regulations issued under HIPAA. These laws vary by state and could impose stricter standards and additional penalties.

The HIPAA privacy regulations also require healthcare providers to implement and enforce privacy policies to ensure compliance with the regulations and standards. We believe all of our facilities are in compliance with current HIPAA privacy regulations.

HIPAA Electronic Data Standards

The Administrative Simplification Provisions of HIPAA require the use of uniform electronic data transmission standards for all healthcare related electronic data interchange. These provisions are intended to streamline and encourage electronic commerce in the healthcare industry. Among other things, these provisions require us to use standard data formats and code sets established by HHS when electronically transmitting information in connection with certain transactions, including health claims and equivalent encounter information, healthcare payment and remittance advice and health claim status.

The HHS regulations establish electronic data transmission standards that all healthcare providers and payors must use when submitting and receiving certain electronic healthcare transactions. The uniform data transmission standards are designed to enable healthcare providers to exchange billing and payment information directly with the many payors thereby eliminating data clearinghouses and simplifying the interface programs necessary to perform this function. We believe that our management information systems comply with HIPAA’s electronic data regulations and standards.

HIPAA Security Standards

The Administrative Simplification Provisions of HIPAA require the use of a series of security standards for the protection of electronic health information. The HIPAA security standards rule specifies a series of administrative, technical and physical security procedures for covered entities to use to assure the confidentiality of electronic protected health information. The standards are delineated into either required or addressable implementation specifications. We believe we are in compliance with all the aspects of the HIPAA security regulations.

HIPAA National Provider Identifier

HIPAA also required HHS to issue regulations establishing standard unique health identifiers for individuals, employers, health plans and healthcare providers to be used in connection with standard electronic transactions. All healthcare providers, including our hospitals, were required to obtain a new National Provider Identifier (“NPI”) to be used in standard transactions instead of other numerical identifiers by May 23, 2007. Our hospitals implemented use of a standard unique healthcare identifier by utilizing their employer identification number. HHS has not yet issued proposed rules that establish the standard for unique health identifiers for health plans or individuals. Once these regulations are issued in final form, we expect to have approximately one to two years to become fully compliant, but cannot predict the impact of such changes at this time. We cannot predict whether our facilities may experience payment delays during the transition to the new identifiers. HHS is currently working on the standards for identifiers for health plans; however, there are currently no proposed timelines for issuance of proposed or final rules. The issuance of proposed rules for individuals is on hold indefinitely.

Medical Waste Regulations

Our operations, especially our hospitals, generate medical waste that must be disposed of in compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws, rules and regulations. Our operations are also generally subject to various other environmental laws, rules and regulations. Based on our current level of operations, we do not anticipate that such compliance costs will have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, financial position or results of operations.

Compliance Program

The Company continuously evaluates and monitors its compliance with all Medicare, Medicaid and other rules and regulations. The objective of the Company’s compliance program is to develop, implement and update compliance safeguards as necessary. Emphasis is placed on developing and implementing compliance policies and guidelines, personnel training programs and various monitoring and audit procedures to attempt to achieve implementation of all applicable rules and regulations.

The Company seeks to conduct its business in compliance with all statutes, regulations, and other requirements applicable to its operations. The health care industry is, however, subject to extensive regulation, and many of these statutes and regulations have not been interpreted by the courts. There can be no assurance that applicable statutes and regulations will not be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect the Company. Potential sanctions for violation of these statutes and regulations include significant civil and criminal penalties, fines, exclusions from participation in government health care programs and the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations, necessary to operate as well as potential liabilities from third-party claims, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Professional Liability

As part of our business, our hospitals are subject to claims of liability for events occurring in the ordinary course of operations. To cover a portion of these claims, professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance are maintained in amounts which are commercially available and believed to be sufficient for operations as currently conducted, although some claims may exceed the scope or amount of the coverage in effect.

Environmental Regulation

We believe we are in substantial compliance with applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations. To date, compliance with federal, state and local laws regulating the discharge of material into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment have not had a material effect upon our results of operations, financial condition or competitive position. Similarly, we have not had to make material capital expenditures to comply with such regulations.

Payment for Services

In each of 2019 and 2018, the Company’s Hospital Operations derived over 56% and 60% of their net sales directly from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The Company’s Hospital Operations depend significantly on continued participation in these programs and in other government healthcare programs. In recent years, both governmental and private sector payers have made efforts to contain or reduce health care costs, including reducing reimbursement for services.

Following an inspection at Jamestown Regional Medical Center on February 5, 2019, the hospital was informed on February 15 that several conditions of participation in its Medicare agreement were deficient. The hospital was informed that if the deficiencies were not corrected by May 16 the Medicare agreement would terminate. A follow-up inspection on May 15 resulted in the determination that the hospital had failed to adequately correct the deficiencies highlighted and a notice of involuntary termination was issued that was effective on June 12, 2019. A significant percentage of patients at Jamestown Regional Medical Center are covered by Medicare and without any ability to get paid for these services the Company suspended operations at the hospital. On June 10, 2019 the Company hired a new CEO to oversee the reopening of the hospital and took steps to re-enter the Medicare program. The hospital received initial approval of its application to reactivate the Medicare agreement in August, 2019 and continues to plan the reopening of this hospital upon securing adequate capital to do so.

In 2019 and 2018, the Company’s Clinical Laboratory Operations derived less than 10% of their net sales directly from the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Further healthcare reform could occur in 2021, including changes to the Affordable Care Act and Medicare reform, initiatives to address surprise billing and increased price transparency, as well as administrative requirements that may affect coverage, reimbursement and utilization of our hospitals and laboratory in ways that are currently unpredictable.

Employees

As of December 31, 2020, we had 199 employees for our continuing operations, of which 106 are full time. Of our total employees from continuing operations, three are assigned to corporate administration and 196 are assigned to our Hospital Operations. In addition, we have five employees associated with our discontinued operations. We continue to adjust our number of employees to achieve efficiencies and cost savings where applicable.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations and proceedings related to contractual disputes, employment matters, regulatory and compliance matters, intellectual property rights and other litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company operates in a highly regulated industry which may inherently lend itself to legal matters. Management is aware that litigation has associated costs and that results of adverse litigation verdicts could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. The Company’s policy is to expense legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the legal proceedings in the period in which the expense is incurred. Management, in consultation with legal counsel, has addressed known assertions and predicted unasserted claims below.

Biohealth Medical Laboratory, Inc. and PB Laboratories, LLC (the “Companies”) filed suit against CIGNA Health in 2015 alleging that CIGNA failed to pay claims for laboratory services the Companies provided to patients pursuant to CIGNA - issued and CIGNA - administered plans. In 2016, the U.S. District Court dismissed part of the Companies’ claims for lack of standing. The Companies appealed that decision to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which in late 2017 reversed the District Court’s decision and found that the Companies have standing to raise claims arising out of traditional insurance plans as well as self-funded plans. In July 2019, the Companies and EPIC Reference Labs, Inc. filed suit against CIGNA Health for failure to pay claims for laboratory services provided. Cigna Health, in turn, sued for improper billing practices. CIGNA’s case was dismissed on June 22, 2020; the suit by the Companies and EPIC remains in the early stages.

The Company’s Epinex Diagnostics Laboratories, Inc. subsidiary was sued in a California state court by two former employees who alleged that they were wrongfully terminated, as well as for a variety of unpaid wage claims. The parties entered into a settlement agreement of this matter on July 29, 2016 for approximately $0.2 million, and the settlement was consummated on August 25, 2016. In October of 2016, the plaintiffs in this matter filed a motion with the court seeking payment for attorneys’ fees in the approximate amount of $0.7 million. On March 24, 2017, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion for payment of attorneys’ fees in the amount of $0.3 million, and the Company accrued this amount in its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the Company received notice that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) placed a lien against Medytox Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries relating to unpaid 2014 taxes due, plus penalties and interest, in the amount of $5.0 million. The Company paid $0.1 million toward its 2014 tax liability in March 2016. The Company filed its 2015 Federal tax return on March 15, 2016 and the accompanying election to carryback the reported net operating losses was filed in April 2016. On August 24, 2016, the lien was released, and in September of 2016 the Company received a refund from the IRS in the amount of $1.9 million. In November of 2016, the IRS commenced an audit of the Company’s 2015 Federal tax return. Based upon the audit results, the Company made provisions of approximately $1.0 million as a liability and approximately $0.6 million as a receivable in its financial statements. The Company is also due a refund as a result of the five-year carryback privilege for federal net operating tax losses per the CARES Act, which is more fully discussed in Note 4 of the unaudited financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

On September 27, 2016, a tax warrant was issued against the Company by the Florida Department of Revenue (the “DOR”) for unpaid 2014 state income taxes in the approximate amount of $0.9 million, including penalties and interest. The Company entered into a Stipulation Agreement with the DOR allowing the Company to make monthly installments until July 2019. The Company has made payments to reduce the amount owed. The Company intends to renegotiate another Stipulation agreement. However, there can be no assurance the Company will be successful. The balance accrued of approximately $0.4 million remained outstanding to the DOR at September 30, 2020.

In December of 2016, TCS-Florida, L.P. (“Tetra”), filed suit against the Company for failure to make the required payment under an equipment leasing contract that the Company had with Tetra and received a judgment against the Company. In May 2018, Tetra and the Company agreed to dispose of certain equipment and the proceeds from the sale were applied to the outstanding balance. In July 2020, the Company entered into a settlement with Tetra and paid $100,000 as full and final settlement of all liability to Tetra. As a result of the settlement, the Company recorded a gain on settlement of approximately $0.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

In December of 2016, DeLage Landen Financial Services, Inc. (“DeLage”), filed suit against the Company for failure to make the required payments under an equipment leasing contract that the Company had with DeLage (see Note 10 of the unaudited financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus). On January 24, 2017, DeLage received a default judgment against the Company in the approximate amount of $1.0 million, representing the balance owed on the lease, as well as additional interest, penalties and fees. The Company recognized this amount in its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016. On February 8, 2017, a Stay of Execution was filed and under its terms the balance due was to be paid in variable monthly installments through January of 2019, with an implicit interest rate of 4.97%. The Company and DeLage disposed of certain equipment and reduced the balance owed to DeLage. A balance of $0.2 million remained outstanding at September 30, 2020.

On December 7, 2016, the holders of the Tegal Notes (see Note 7 of the unaudited financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus) filed suit against the Company seeking payment for the amounts due under the notes in the aggregate of the principal of $341,612, and accrued interest of $43,000. A request for entry of default judgment was filed on January 24, 2017. On April 23, 2018, the holders of the Tegal Notes received a judgment against the Company. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has repaid $44,544 of these notes.

Two former employees of the Company’s CollabRx, Inc. subsidiary filed suits in a California state court in connection with amounts claimed to be owed under their respective employment agreements with the subsidiary. One former employee received a judgment in October 2018 for approximately $253,000. The other former employee received a judgment in December 2018 for approximately $173,000. While the Company has accrued these amounts claimed, it is considering its options to refute these matters and believes the claims against the Company to be frivolous and outside of entitlement and contractual agreements.

The Company, as well as many of our subsidiaries, are defendants in a case filed in Broward County Circuit Court by TCA Global Credit Master Fund, L.P. The plaintiff alleges a breach by Medytox Solutions, Inc. of its obligations under a debenture and claims damages of approximately $2,030,000 plus interest, costs and fees. The Company and the other subsidiaries are sued as alleged guarantors of the debenture. The complaint was filed on August 1, 2018. The Company has recorded the principal balance and interest owed under the debenture agreement for the period ended September 30, 2020 (see Note 7 of the unaudited financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus). The Company and all defendants have filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, but have not recorded any potential liability related to any further damages. In May 2020, the SEC appointed a Receiver to close down the TCA Global Master Fund, L.P. over allegations of accounting fraud. The amount recorded by the Company as being owed to TCA was based on TCA’s application of prior payments made by the Company. The Company believes that prior payments of principal and interest may have been applied to unenforceable investment banking and other fees and charges. It is the Company’s position that the amount owed to TCA is less than what is set forth in Note 7 of the unaudited financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

On September 13, 2018, Laboratory Corporation of America sued EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, in Palm Beach County Circuit Court for amounts claimed to be owed. The court awarded a judgment against EPIC Reference Labs, Inc. in May 2019 for approximately $155,000. The Company has recorded the amount owed as a liability as of September 30, 2020.

In July 2019, Roche Diagnostics Corporation sued EPIC Reference Labs, Inc. in the Circuit Court for Palm Beach County claiming approximately $240,000 under an agreement to lease equipment and purchase supplies. The amount of the settlement in this case of $110,000 was accrued in 2019 and paid in full during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

In August 2019, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc. and Medytox Diagnostics, Inc. were sued by Beckman Coulter, Inc. in the same court under an agreement to purchase laboratory supplies. The plaintiff claims damages of approximately $124,000. The Company has disputed the amount owed, and has entered settlement discussions to settle the matter, but has recorded this liability as of September 30, 2020.

In July 2019, the landlord of Medytox Solutions, Inc. received a judgment in the amount of approximately $413,000 in connection with failure to pay under an office lease in West Palm Beach, Florida. The Company reached a settlement in May 2020 to resolve the judgment in the amount of $300,000, which is being paid under a payment plan.

In February 2020, Anthony O. Killough sued the Company and Mr. Diamantis, as guarantor, in New York State Court for the County of New York, for approximately $2.0 million relating to the promissory note issued by the Company in September 2019. In May 2020, the parties entered into a Stipulation providing for a payment of a total of $2,158,168 (which includes accrued interest) in installments through November 1, 2020. (See Note 7 of the unaudited financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus). As of September 30, 2020, $450,000 has been paid, which is $150,000 less than the required amount through that date.

Following the Company’s decision to suspend operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center in June 2019 a number of vendors remain unpaid. A number have initiated or threatened legal actions. The Company believes it will come to satisfactory arrangements with these parties as it works toward reopening the hospital. The Company has taken steps to re-enter the Medicare program and is currently planning the reopening of the hospital. Plans and timing have been disrupted by the current pandemic.

Two former employees of Jamestown Regional Medical Center have filed suit alleging violations of the federal Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (“WARN”). This case is in the early stages.

In June 2019, CHSPSC, the former owners of Jamestown Regional Medical Center, obtained a judgment against the Company in the amount of $592,650. The Company believes that a number of insurance payments were made to CHSPCS after the change of ownership and will likely offset the majority of the claim made by CHSPCS.

In August 2019, Morrison Management Specialists, Inc. obtained a judgment against Jamestown Regional Medical Center and the Company in Fentress County, Tennessee in the amount of $194,455 in connection with housekeeping and dietary services. The Company has recorded this liability as of September 30, 2020.

In November 2019, Newstat, PLLC obtained a judgment against Big South Fork Medical Center in Knox County, Tennessee in the amount of $190,600 in connection with the provision of medical services. The Company has recorded this liability as of September 30, 2020.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, those described above under “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors”. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Unless stated otherwise, the words “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “Rennova Health” or “Rennova Health, Inc.” means Rennova Health, Inc.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We continue to monitor significant estimates made during the preparation of our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate estimates and assumptions based upon historical experience and various other factors and circumstances.

We have identified the policies and significant estimation processes discussed below as critical to our business and to the understanding of our results of operations. For a detailed application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” including subsequently issued updates, related to revenue recognition. We adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method. This includes but is not limited to disaggregated revenue information, contract asset and liability information, including significant changes from the prior year, and judgments, and changes in judgment, that significantly affect the determination of the amount of revenue and timing. The adoption of the new standard did not have an impact on our recognition of net revenues for any periods prior to adoption. The most significant impact of adopting the new standard is to the presentation of our consolidated income statements, where we no longer present the provision for doubtful accounts as a separate line item and our revenues are presented net of estimated contract and related allowances. We also do not present “allowances for doubtful accounts” on our consolidated balance sheets as a result of the adoption of the new standard.

We review our calculations for the realizability of gross service revenues monthly to make certain that we are properly allowing for the uncollectable portion of our gross billings and that our estimates remain sensitive to variances and changes within our payer groups. The contractual allowance calculation is made based on historical allowance rates for the various specific payer groups monthly with a greater weight being given to the most recent trends; this process is adjusted based on recent changes in underlying contract provisions. This calculation is routinely analyzed by us based on actual allowances issued by payers and the actual payments made to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed.

Hospital Operations

Our revenues generally relate to contracts with patients in which our performance obligations are to provide health care services to the patients. Revenues are recorded during the period our obligations to provide health care services are satisfied. Our performance obligations for inpatient services are generally satisfied over periods that average approximately five days, and revenues are recognized based on charges incurred in relation to total expected charges. Our performance obligations for outpatient services are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payer (Medicare, Medicaid, managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the transaction prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by (Medicare and Medicaid) or negotiated with (managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies) the third-party payers. The payment arrangements with third-party payers for the services we provide to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than our standard charges. Medicare generally pays for inpatient and outpatient services at prospectively determined rates based on clinical, diagnostic and other factors. Services provided to patients having Medicaid coverage are generally paid at prospectively determined rates per discharge, per identified service or per covered member. Agreements with commercial insurance carriers, managed care and preferred provider organizations generally provide for payments based upon predetermined rates per diagnosis, per diem rates or discounted fee-for-service rates. Management continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals. Our revenues are based upon the estimated amounts we expect to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care and commercial insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. Revenues related to uninsured patients and uninsured copayment and deductible amounts for patients who have health care coverage may have discounts applied (uninsured discounts and contractual discounts). We also record estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record self-pay revenues at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare and Medicaid programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Estimated reimbursement amounts are adjusted in subsequent periods as cost reports are prepared and filed and as final settlements are determined (in relation to certain government programs, primarily Medicare, this is generally referred to as the “cost report” filing and settlement process). There were no adjustments to estimated Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement amounts and disproportionate-share funds related primarily to cost reports filed during 2019 and 2018 or during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (“EMTALA”) requires any hospital participating in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency room for treatment and, if the individual is suffering from an emergency medical condition, to either stabilize the condition or make an appropriate transfer of the individual to a facility able to handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of an individual’s ability to pay for treatment. Federal and state laws and regulations require, and our commitment to providing quality patient care encourages, us to provide services to patients who are financially unable to pay for the health care services they receive. Patients treated at hospitals for non-elective care, who have income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level, were eligible for charity care. The federal poverty level is established by the federal government and is based on income and family size. Because we do not pursue collection of amounts determined to qualify as charity care, they are not reported in revenues. We provide discounts to uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid or charity care. In implementing the uninsured discount policy, we may first attempt to provide assistance to uninsured patients to help determine whether they may qualify for Medicaid, other federal or state assistance, or charity care. If an uninsured patient does not qualify for these programs, the uninsured discount is applied.

The collection of outstanding receivables for Medicare, Medicaid, managed care payers, other third-party payers and patients is our primary source of cash and is critical to our operating performance. The primary collection risks relate to uninsured patient accounts, including patient accounts for which the primary insurance carrier has paid the amounts covered by the applicable agreement, but patient responsibility amounts (deductibles and copayments) remain outstanding. Implicit price concessions relate primarily to amounts due directly from patients. Estimated implicit price concessions are recorded for all uninsured accounts, regardless of the aging of those accounts. Accounts are written off when all reasonable internal and external collection efforts have been performed. The estimates for implicit price concessions are based upon management’s assessment of historical writeoffs and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in federal, state and private employer health care coverage and other collection indicators. Management relies on the results of detailed reviews of historical write offs and collections at facilities that represent a majority of our revenues and accounts receivable (the “hindsight analysis”) as a primary source of information in estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable. We perform the hindsight analysis quarterly, utilizing rolling twelve-months accounts receivable collection and write off data. We believe our quarterly updates to the estimated implicit price concession amounts at each of our hospital facilities provide reasonable estimates of our revenues and valuations of our accounts receivable. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, estimated contractual allowances of $14.2 million and $16.8 million, respectively, had been recorded as reductions to accounts receivable balances to enable us to record our revenues and accounts receivable at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts Policy

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of allowances for credits and doubtful accounts, which are estimated and recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company has a standardized approach to estimating and reviewing the collectability of its receivables based on a number of factors, including the period they have been outstanding. Historical collection and payer reimbursement experience is an integral part of the estimation process related to allowances for contractual credits and doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company regularly assesses the state of its billing operations in order to identify issues which may impact the collectability of these receivables or reserve estimates. Receivables deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts at the time such receivables are written-off. Recoveries of receivables previously written-off are recorded as credits to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Revisions to the allowances for doubtful accounts estimates are recorded as an adjustment to provision for bad debts.

Total gross revenues were reduced by approximately $6.2 million and $4.8 million for bad debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. After bad debt and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues of $39.1 million and $86.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, we reported net revenues of $5.9 million and $13.2 million.

Total gross revenues were reduced by approximately $8.4 million and $9.4 million for bad debt for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. After bad debt and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues of $99.9 million and $73.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, we reported net revenues of $16.0 million and $14.5 million. We continue to review the provision for bad debt and contractual allowances.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

The Company accounts for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets according to FASB ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 clarifies the accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, including the disposal of business segments and major lines of business. Long-lived assets are reviewed when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. When necessary, impaired assets are written down to estimated fair value based on the best information available. Estimated fair value is generally based on either appraised value or measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates. We did not record an asset impairment charge in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or in 2019. At December 31, 2018, we recorded an asset impairment charge of $0.2 million for an intangible asset acquired in the Jamestown Regional Medical Center acquisition in 2018.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value, Including the Adoption of ASU 2017-11

We account for warrants issued in conjunction with the issuance of common stock and certain convertible debt instruments in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”). For warrant instruments and conversion options embedded in promissory notes that are not deemed to be indexed to the Company’s own stock, we classified such instruments as liabilities at their fair values at the time of issuance and adjusted the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. These liabilities were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until extinguished either through conversion or exercise, and any change in fair value was recognized in our statement of operations. The fair values of these derivative and other financial instruments had been estimated using a Black-Scholes model and other valuation techniques.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260).

When the down round feature is included in an equity-classified freestanding financial instrument, the value of the effect of the down round feature is treated as a dividend when it is triggered and as a numerator adjustment in the basic EPS calculation. This reflects the occurrence of an economic transfer of value to the holder of the instrument, while alleviating the complexity and income statement volatility associated with fair value measurement on an ongoing basis. We have determined that this amendment had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and we early adopted this accounting standard. Deemed dividends of $123.9 million and $231.8 million were recorded in 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of the application of this amendment. Deemed dividends of $59.8 million and $123.9 million were recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as a result of down round provision features.

In accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” the Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Stock Based Compensation

The Company accounts for Stock-Based Compensation under ASC 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which addresses the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. ASC 718-10 requires measurement of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Incremental compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awards after the grant date must be recognized. When stock options granted to employees are forfeited prior to completion of the vesting period, any previously recorded compensation expensed is reversed in the period of forfeiture.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with ASC 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Under ASC 505-50, the Company determines the fair value of the warrants or stock-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the services provided or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Any stock options or warrants issued to non-employees are recorded in expense and additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity over the applicable service periods using variable accounting through the vesting dates based on the fair value of the options or warrants at the end of each period.

The Company issues stock to consultants for various services. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete. The Company recognizes consulting expense and a corresponding increase to additional paid-in-capital related to stock issued for services.

Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018

The following table summarizes the results of our consolidated continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Net Revenues

Consolidated net revenues were $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $14.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $1.5 million. The increase in net revenues was due to net revenue from Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center of $6.6 million, which were acquired on March 5, 2019. In addition, our Big South Fork Medical Center’s net revenue increased by $0.2 million in 2019, as compared to 2018. The increases were partially offset by a decrease in net revenues from Jamestown Regional Medical Center of $5.3 million in year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the 2018. Operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center were temporarily suspended beginning in June 2019 pending reinstatement of the hospital’s Medicare agreement. The increase in Hospital revenue of $1.7 million was offset by a $0.1 million decrease in Clinical Laboratory Operations revenue for 2019 compared to 2018. The 2019 and 2018 net revenues include bad debt expense elimination of $8.4 million and $9.4 million, respectively, for doubtful accounts. Bad debt and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues were $99.9 million and $73.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In a continued effort to refine our revenue recognition estimates, the Company practices the full retrospective approach, evaluating and analyzing the realizability of gross service revenues monthly, to make certain that we are properly allowing for bad debt and contractual adjustments.

Direct Costs of Revenue

Direct costs of revenue increased by $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. We attribute the increase to Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center, which were acquired on March 5, 2019. As a percentage of net revenues, direct costs increased to 92.9% in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 79.1% in the comparable period. We attribute the increase in the direct costs as a percentage of net revenues primarily to the Company’s decision to suspend operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which did not operate during the last half of 2019, following the termination of the Medicare program. Despite the suspension, we still incurred certain direct costs of revenue. Also contributing to the increase in the direct costs as a percentage of revenue for 2019, was our decision to reassess our revenue rate at Big South Fork Medical Center to recognize revenue after contractual allowances at 10% based on the Company’s historical data compared to using an industry standard rate of 20% in the compared 2018 period.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by $1.9 million, or 12.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the same period of a year ago. The change is primarily due to Hospital Operations, which increased by $2.6 million, partially offset by the $0.4 million reduction in expenses associated with our Clinical Laboratory Operations and the $0.3 million decrease in Corporate’s general and administrative expenses.

Asset Impairment

We did not record an impairment charge during 2019. We determined that a non-compete intangible asset that was acquired in the Jamestown Regional Medical Center acquisition on June 1, 2018 was impaired and, accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2018.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared with the year ended December 31, 2018, as we sold some Clinical Laboratory Operations equipment in 2018. We expect our depreciation and amortization expense to increase going forward as a result of the fixed assets associated with our hospital acquisitions.

Loss from Operations Before Other Income (Expense) and Income Taxes

Our operating loss increased by $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the same period a year ago due to additional losses for our Hospital Operations. The increase in the loss from operations was due to the suspension of operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which did not operate during the second half of 2019, following the termination of the Medicare program. Despite the suspension, we still incurred certain direct costs of revenue as well as general and administrative expenses. We also attribute the increase in the loss to the reassessment of our revenue rate at Big South Fork Medical Center to recognize revenue after contractual allowances at 10% based on the Company’s historical data compared to using an industry standard rate of 20% in the comparable 2018 period, among other items.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $21.7 million, as compared to $21.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 included $1.6 million for interest on loans from a former member of our board of directors, and $16.2 million for the amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs related to debentures and note payable, including $9.5 million for the modification of warrants issued in connection with debentures and approximately $3.6 million of interest expense on debentures, notes payable, finance lease obligations and the settlement of a prepaid forward purchase contract. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $17.6 million for the amortization of debt discount and deferred financial costs, including $6.4 million for the modification of warrants, related to convertible debentures and warrants.

Other Income (Expense)

We incurred other loss of $9.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to income of $0.7 million in the same period a year ago. The loss in 2019 was due to $6.9 million in penalties for non-payment of debentures on the maturity dates, $1.2 million of loss on the sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements and approximately $1.2 million of penalties related to past due payments of payroll taxes. The gain in 2018 resulted primarily from the sale of Clinical Laboratory Operations’ fixed assets.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company realized a loss of $0.1 million for the change in fair value of derivative instruments, which represented the increase in the fair value of a derivative debenture due to the increase in the spread between the price of our common stock and the conversion price of the derivative in the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company realized income of $13.7 million for the change in fair value of derivative instruments. On September 23, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved a reverse split of its common stock, which would provide sufficient authorized and unissued shares to allow for otherwise equity classified instruments to be classified in equity. As of September 23, 2018, the fair value of these instruments was evaluated for reclassification. As a result of the evaluation, the Company reclassified the derivative liability previously reported as a current liability to derivative income.

Gain on Bargain Purchase

The gain on bargain purchase of $0.3 million for year ended December 31, 2019 resulted primarily from intangible assets of Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center, which were acquired on March 5, 2019. The gain on bargain purchase of $7.6 million for year ended December 31, 2018 resulted from real property of Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which was acquired on June 1, 2018.

Provision for Income Taxes

We did not incur a tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2019. The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $0.8 million resulted from the completion of the Federal income tax audit for 2015 during 2018.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

Our net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $47.3 million compared to net loss of $13.6 million for the same period of a year ago. The increase in the loss is primarily due to a gain of $13.7 million from the change in fair value of derivative instruments in the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to a loss of $0.1 million from the change in fair value of derivative instruments during the year ended December 31, 2019, other expense of $9.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to other income of $0.7 million in the comparable 2018 period, a $7.6 million gain on bargain purchase related to the Jamestown Regional Medical Center acquisition in 2018 compared to a gain of bargain purchase of $0.3 million on the purchase of Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center in 2019, and the loss from continuing operations before other income (expense) and income taxes of $16.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $13.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2018. Partially offsetting the increase in the loss was a reduction of interest expense of $0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 and a decrease of $0.8 million in the provision for income taxes in 2019 versus 2018.

We have made progress in expanding into a wider and more varied market place with our Hospital Operations, and that combined with our aggressive consolidation and cost cutting is expected to reduce the losses incurred in the future.

The following table presents key financial metrics for our Hospital Operations segment:

In the year ended December 31, 2019, we reassessed our revenue rate at Big South Fork Medical Center to recognize revenue after contractual allowances at 10% based on the Company’s historical data compared to using an industry standard rate of 20% in the year ended December 31, 2018 period. Our aggregate collection rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately 15% and 17%, respectively.

The following table presents key financial and operating metrics for our Clinical Laboratory Operations segment:

The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to the reduction in employee compensation and related costs, as we significantly reduced our headcount. Depreciation and amortization decreased as a result of the sale of certain fixed assets during 2018 as well as fully depreciating certain fixed assets during 2018 and 2019.

The following table presents key financial metrics for our Corporate group:

The $0.3 million decrease in general and administrative expenses is mainly the result of a $0.8 million reduction in stock related compensation expense, partially offset by an increase in legal settlement expenses of approximately $0.5 million, among other fluctuations.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019

The following table summarizes the results of our consolidated continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Net Revenues

Consolidated net revenues were $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.9 million. The decrease in net revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the 2019 period was primarily a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which we attribute, in part, to decreasing net revenues from Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center by $1.3 million and from Big South Fork by $0.7 million, partially offset by a $0.1 million adjustment to revenue from Jamestown Regional Medical Center for bad debt recoveries. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe demand for our hospital services was reduced. Also reducing revenues at Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center and Big South Fork Medical Center were staffing issues during the 2020 period, which required us to divert patients to third party facilities.

Net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 included bad debt expense elimination of $2.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, for doubtful accounts and $14.0 million and $21.0 million, respectively, for contractual allowances. In a continued effort to refine our revenue recognition estimates, the Company practices the full retrospective approach, evaluating and analyzing the realizability of gross service revenues quarterly, to make certain that we are properly allowing for bad debt and contractual adjustments.

Direct Costs of Revenue

Direct costs of revenue decreased by $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. We attribute the decreases primarily to decreases in the number of patients served at Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center and Big South Fork Medical Center. As a percentage of net revenues, direct costs increased to 143.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 82.3% in the comparable 2019 period. We attribute the increase in the direct costs as a percentage of net revenues to the COVID-19 pandemic and the diversion of patients to third party facilities due to staffing issues during the three months ended September 30, 2020. While the number of patients served decreased, certain direct costs of revenue remained.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 6.5%, compared to the same period a year ago primarily due to an increase in hospital consulting fees.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expense was $53,579 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $0.2 million for the same period a year ago as certain fixed assets were fully depreciated during 2019.

Loss from Continuing Operations Before Other Income (Expense) and Income Taxes

Our operating loss increased by $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the 2019 period. We attribute the increase in the operating loss primarily to the reduction in revenue.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net was $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and included income of approximately $0.6 million from HHS Provider Relief Funds that were received from the federal government, partially offset by $0.3 million of loss on the sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements and $0.1 million for the loss on disposal of property. Other income (expense) was ($5.8) million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, which resulted from the loss on sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements of $0.7 million and penalties for non-payment of debentures at maturity of $5.1 million.

Gain on Extinguishment of Debt

We recorded a $0.4 million gain on extinguishment of debt in the three months ended September 30, 2020, which resulted from exchange, redemption and forbearance agreements that we entered into on August 31, 2020. Under these agreements preferred stock and debentures and associated accrued interest were exchanged for shares of the Company’s Series N Preferred Stock. These agreements are more fully discussed below under the heading Liquidity and Capital Resources and in Notes 8, 13 and 14 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $2.4 million, as compared to $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 included $1.7 million for interest on past due debentures and notes payable, $0.6 million for interest incurred by Mr. Diamantis, a former member of our Board of Directors, on borrowings he procured in order to lend funds to the Company and $55,000 of interest on loans from Mr. Diamantis. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 included $1.8 million for interest on loans from Mr. Diamantis, $1.4 million for the amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs related to debentures and note payable and approximately $0.4 million of interest expense on debentures, notes payable and finance lease obligations.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

We recorded net loss from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 of $6.0 million, as compared to a loss of $12.0 million for the same period of a year ago. The decrease in the loss was primarily due to other income (expense), net of approximately $0.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to other income (expense), net of ($5.8) million in the comparable 2019 period, a gain on extinguishment of debt of $0.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2020, and a decrease in interest expense of $1.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the comparable period, partially offset by an increase in the loss from operations before other income (expense) and income taxes of approximately $1.6 million.

The following table presents key financial metrics that management uses to monitor the results for our Hospital Operations:

Our Hospital Operations have historically generated operating losses. We served less patients during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, which we attribute primarily to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in direct costs per patient in the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the 2019 period was primarily due to the use of contract labor versus employees for patient care.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019

The following table summarizes the results of our consolidated continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Net Revenues

Consolidated net revenues were $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $7.3 million. The decrease in net revenues was due to a reduction in revenues from Jamestown Regional Medical Center of $2.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the 2019 period. Operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center were temporarily suspended beginning in June 2019 pending reinstatement of the hospital’s Medicare agreement. The decrease in net revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the 2019 period was also, in large part, a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which we attribute to the decrease in net revenues from Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center of $3.1 million and net revenues from Big South Fork Medical Center of $1.3 million. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe demand for our services was reduced. Also reducing revenue were staffing issues and supply shortages caused by cash constraints during the 2020 period, which required us to divert patients to third party facilities.

Net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 include bad debt expense elimination of $6.2 million and $4.8 million, respectively, for doubtful accounts and $32.9 million and $81.9 million, respectively, for contractual allowances. In a continued effort to refine our revenue recognition estimates, the Company practices the full retrospective approach, evaluating and analyzing the realizability of gross service revenues quarterly, to make certain that we are properly allowing for bad debt and contractual adjustments.

Direct Costs of Revenue

Direct costs of revenue decreased by $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. We attribute the decrease primarily to Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which was temporarily suspended beginning in June 2019, as well as decreases in the number of patients served at Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center and Big South Fork Medical Center. As a percentage of net revenues, direct costs increased to 139.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 91.7% in the comparable 2019 period. We attribute the increase in the direct costs as a percentage of net revenues to the COVID-19 pandemic and the diversion of patients to third party facilities due to staffing issues and supply shortages caused by cash constraints during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. While the number of patients served decreased, certain direct costs of revenue remained.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased by $3.7 million, or 30.0%, in the nine months ended September 20, 2020 compared to the same period a year ago. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to the temporary cessation of operations of Jamestown Regional Medical Center in June 2019. Also, contributing to the decrease were acquisition costs incurred in the 2019 period for the acquisition of Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center on March 5, 2019 and reductions in insurance expense, compensation related expenses and directors fees.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $0.6 million for the same period a year ago as certain fixed assets were fully depreciated during 2019.

Loss from Continuing Operations Before Other Income (Expense) and Income Taxes

Our operating loss decreased by $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the 2019 period. We attribute the decrease primarily to the operations of Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which did not operate in the 2020 period and operated at a loss in the 2019 period. In addition, while Jamestown Regional Medical Center temporarily ceased operations in June of 2019, certain fixed costs continued during the third quarter of 2019.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net of $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $8.0 million of HHS Provider Relief Funds, partially offset by ($0.6) million in penalties and interest associated with non-payment of payroll taxes, ($0.6) million of loss on the sale of accounts receivable under a sales agreement and ($0.1) million for loss on disposal of property. Other income (expense), net of ($7.0) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included ($5.7) million in penalties for non-payment of debentures on the maturity dates and ($1.4) million of losses on sales of accounts receivable under sales agreements.

Gain from Legal Settlements

We settled several legal proceedings during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which resulted in a gain from legal settlements of $1.1 million. The settlement of obligations under a financing lease for property and equipment resulted in $0.9 million of the gain.

Gain on Bargain Purchase

In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we realized a $0.3 million gain on the bargain purchase of Jellico Community Hospital, which was acquired on March 5, 2019. The gain was associated with the intangible asset acquired in the acquisition.

Gain on Extinguishment of Debt

We recorded a $0.4 million gain on extinguishment of debt in the three months ended September 30, 2020, which resulted from exchange, redemption and forbearance agreements that we entered into on August 31, 2020. Under these agreements preferred stock and debentures and associated accrued interest were exchanged for shares of the Company’s Series N Preferred Stock. These agreements are more fully discussed below under the heading Liquidity and Capital Resources and in Notes 8, 13 and 14 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

The change in the fair value of derivative instruments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $0.1 million resulted from a reduction in the conversion price of an outstanding debenture.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $7.9 million, as compared to $19.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $5.7 million for default interest on past due debentures and note payable, $1.3 million for interest incurred by Mr. Diamantis on borrowings he procured in order to lend funds to the Company and approximately $0.6 million of interest on loans from Mr. Diamantis. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included $2.9 million for interest on loans from Mr. Diamantis, $6.4 million for the amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs related to debentures and note payable, $9.5 million for the modification of warrants and approximately $0.4 million of interest expense on debentures, notes payable and finance lease obligations.

Benefit from Income Taxes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the U.S. Congress approved the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act allows a five-year carryback privilege for federal net operating tax losses that arose in a tax year beginning in 2018 and through the current tax year, that is, 2020. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded approximately $1.1 million in refunds from the carryback of certain of our federal net operating losses.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

Our net loss from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $9.7 million, as compared to a loss of $37.9 million for the same period of a year ago. The improvement was primarily due to a decrease in the loss from operations before other income (expense) and income taxes of approximately $0.5 million, other income (expense), net of approximately $6.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to other income (expense), net of ($7.0) million in the comparable 2019 period, a $1.1 million gain from legal settlements in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease in interest expense of $11.3 million and a $1.1 million income tax benefit in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The following table presents key financial metrics that management uses to monitor the results for our Hospital Operations:

Our Hospital Operations have historically generated operating losses. We served less patients during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of the suspension of operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center, which did not operate during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 following the termination of the Medicare program in June 2019. Also, reducing the number of patients served was the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as staffing issues and shortages of hospital supplies due to cash constraints, which required us to divert patients to third-party facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Net revenues and direct costs per patient increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 2019 period due to the type of services billed. Direct costs per patient was also impacted by the use of contract labor versus employees for patient care during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019, we financed our operations primarily from issuances of equity, debentures and notes payable, loans from a related party and the sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements. Also, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 we received approximately $2.3 million from PPP notes payable (“PPP Notes”) and approximately $12.5 million from HHS Provider Relief Funds. On June 30, 2020, we entered into an exchange agreement with Mr. Diamantis, a former member of our Board of Directors, wherein we exchanged the amount owed to Mr. Diamantis for principal and interest on that date, which totaled $18.8 million, for shares of the Company’s Series M Convertible Preferred Stock On August 31, 2020, we entered into Exchange, Redemption and Forbearance Agreements (the “Exchange and Redemption Agreements”) with certain institutional investors as discussed in the paragraph below. Each of these financing transactions is more fully discussed in Notes 1, 4, 7, 8, 12 and 13 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

On August 31, 2020, the Company entered into the Exchange and Redemption Agreements with certain institutional investors in the Company under which the investors agreed to reduce their holdings of the Company’s debentures (the debentures are more fully discussed in Note 8 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus) by approximately $19.3 million (including accrued interest and penalties) by exchanging the debentures and all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series I-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series I-2 Convertible Preferred Stock (the preferred stock is more fully discussed in Note 12 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus) for 30,435.52 shares of the Company’s newly-authorized Series N Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series N Preferred Stock”).

The investors continue to own, after the initial exchange, approximately $14.9 million (including accrued interest and penalties) of debentures, but agreed that the Company could redeem $10 million of its obligations under these debentures held by the investors at face value, plus accrued interest and penalties. These debentures include approximately $4.9 million under debentures and accrued interest that have been guaranteed by Mr. Diamantis. This redemption right was exercisable for 90 days, or until November 29, 2020. If it had been exercised in full, the remaining debentures held by the investors (totaling approximately $4.9 million, including accrued interest and penalties) would have been exchanged for approximately 4,900 additional shares of Series N Preferred Stock.

During the 90-day redemption period (or until the occurrence of certain specified events, if earlier), the investors agreed to forbear from exercising any remedies against the Company or Mr. Diamantis as a result of any existing defaults under the outstanding securities. During that period, additional interest and penalties did not accrue and would have been forgiven if the redemption right was exercised in full. If the redemption right was not exercised in full, all such additional amounts would become due and payable. The redemption right was not exercised and all such additional amounts have become due and payable.

Future cash needs for working capital, capital expenditures, debt obligations and potential acquisitions will require management to seek additional equity or obtain additional credit facilities. The Company and our facilities may also receive additional government assistance. The sale/issuances of additional equity will result in additional dilution to our stockholders. A portion of our cash may be used to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products or to obtain the right to use complementary technologies. From time-to-time, in the ordinary course of business, we evaluate potential acquisitions of such businesses, products or technologies.

Going Concern and Liquidity

Under Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by ASC 205-40, this evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. Management has assessed the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with the requirement of ASC 205-40.

As reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the Company had a working capital deficit and an accumulated deficit of $47.6 million and $663.5 million, respectively, at September 30, 2020. In addition, the Company had a loss from continuing operations of approximately $9.7 million and cash used in operating activities of $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As of the date of this prospectus, our cash is deficient and payments for our operations in the ordinary course are not being made. The continued losses and other related factors, including the payment defaults under the terms of outstanding debentures and notes payable as more discussed in Notes 7 and 8 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the date of this prospectus. Our fixed operating expenses include payroll, rent, finance lease payments and other fixed expenses, as well as the costs required to operate our Hospital Operations. Our fixed operating expenses were approximately $1.5 million per month for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

We need to raise additional funds immediately and continue to do so until we begin to realize positive cash flow from operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our business plan, which is to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals, raise any additional capital or secure the additional financing necessary to implement our current operating plan. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to significantly reduce our operating costs, increase our revenues and eventually achieve profitable operations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

Also, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 we received approximately $2.3 million from PPP Notes and Company-owned facilities received approximately $12.5 million of HHS Provider Relief Funds. A portion of the PPP Notes and accrued interest are forgivable as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower terminates employees or reduces salaries. The HHS Provider Relief Funds are grants, not loans, and HHS will not require repayment, but providers are restricted and the funds must be used only for grant approved purposes. We received approximately $1.2 million in cash from the issuance of a promissory note during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was used to repay amounts due under accounts receivable sales agreements and $0.8 million from the sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Mr. Diamantis, a former member of our Board of Directors, loaned the Company $5.8 million, the majority of which was used for working capital purposes.

As of September 30, 2020, we were party to legal proceedings, which are presented in Note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Liquidity and Capital Resources during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018

The following table presents our capital resources as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

The following table presents the major sources and uses of cash for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

The components of cash used in operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are presented in the following table:

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was due to $0.7 million for the acquisition of Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Center in March 2019. Cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to the sale of property and equipment of $0.7 million, and the sale of shares of stock that we owned of $0.8 million, offset by cash of $0.6 million used to acquire Jamestown Regional Medical Center and $0.2 million used to purchase property and equipment.

Cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2019 consists of $16.7 million for the issuance of related party notes payable and advances, $2.7 million in proceeds from the sale of accounts receivable, $3.8 million from the issuances of debentures and $1.5 million from the issuance of a promissory note. Cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2019 include $2.8 million of payments under sales agreements relating to accounts receivable, $5.0 million in payments on notes payable, $2.3 million for payments of related party notes payable and advances and $0.1 million for payments of finance lease obligations. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $7.0 million consists of $9.0 million from the issuances of debentures, and $3.3 million from related party loans and advances, offset by $4.0 million of repayments of related party loans and advances and $1.3 million of payments of finance lease obligations.

The Company had 964,894 and 12,856 shares of common stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 940,075 shares of its common stock upon conversion of $1.3 million of Series I-2 Convertible Preferred Stock and 11,961 shares of its common stock for the cashless exercise of warrants.

The terms of certain of the warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures issued by the Company provide for reductions in the per share exercise prices of the warrants and the per share conversion prices of the debentures and preferred stock (if applicable and subject to a floor in certain cases), in the event that the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents (as that term is defined in the agreements) at an effective exercise/conversion price that is less than the then exercise/conversion prices of the outstanding warrants, preferred stock or debentures, as the case may be. In addition, the majority of these equity-based securities contain exercise or conversion prices that vary based upon the price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise/conversion (see Notes 3, 13, 14 and 21 to the consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus). These provisions have resulted in significant dilution of the Company’s common stock and have given rise to reverse splits of the Company’s common stock.

Liquidity and Capital Resources as of September 30, 2020 compared to as of December 31, 2019

The following table presents our capital resources as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

The following table presents the major sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

The components of cash used in operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are presented in the following table:

Cash used by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was to purchase $0.4 million of hospital equipment. The cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was due to $0.7 million used for the acquisition of Jellico Community Hospital and approximately $50,801for purchases of hospital equipment.

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $14.0 million and primarily included $5.8 million in loans from a related party, $2.3 million from PPP Notes, $12.5 million from HHS Provider Relief Funds, $0.8 million from the sales of accounts receivable and $1.2 million from the issuance of an installment note payable. Partially offsetting these cash receipts were $0.9 million in payments of debentures, $1.5 million of notes payable payments, $4.2 million in payments of related party loans, $1.5 million in payments of accounts receivable under sales agreements and $0.2 million of finance lease obligation payments. Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $15.2 million primarily included $16.5 million in loans from a related party, $3.8 million from the issuances of debentures, $1.5 million in proceeds from notes payable and $2.6 million in proceeds from the sales of accounts receivable under sales agreements. Partially offsetting these cash receipts were $2.3 million in payments of related party loans, $5.0 million in payments of note payable, $1.8 million in payments of accounts receivable under sales agreements and $0.1 million of finance lease obligation payments.

The terms of certain of the warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures issued by the Company provide for reductions in the per share exercise prices of the warrants and the per share conversion prices of the debentures and preferred stock (if applicable and subject to a floor in certain cases), in the event that the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents (as that term is defined in the agreements) at an effective exercise/conversion price that is less than the then exercise/conversion price of the outstanding warrants, preferred stock or debentures, as the case may be. In addition, the majority of these equity-based securities contain exercise/conversion prices that vary based upon the price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise/conversion (see Notes 3, 8 11, 12, 13 and 18 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus). These provisions have resulted in significant dilution of the Company’s common stock and have given rise to reverse splits of the Company’s common stock, including a reverse stock split effected on July 31, 2020, which is more fully described in Notes 1 and 13 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus. As a result of these down round provisions, the potential common stock equivalents, including common stock outstanding, totaled 702,253,972 at September 30, 2020.

MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

The following table sets forth information with respect to persons who are currently serving as directors and executive officers of the Company.

All directors of the Company serve one-year terms and hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified.

Executive Officers’ and Directors’ Biographies

Seamus Lagan was appointed Chief Executive Officer and President and a director of the Company on November 2, 2015 and as Chief Executive Officer and a director of Medytox Solutions, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Medytox”), effective September 15, 2014. Mr. Lagan served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company from September 30, 2016 through May 24, 2017. He was again appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer from October 13, 2017 through April 8, 2019. Mr. Lagan has also been the Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company since the resignation of Jonathan Immordino, effective May 10, 2019. Mr. Lagan has been, either individually or through Alcimede LLC, a consultant to Medytox since May 2011. Mr. Lagan has been a manager of Alcimede since its formation in 2007. Alcimede is a privately-held, Delaware limited liability company which provides various consulting services, including management, organization, and financial consulting services. Mr. Lagan also currently serves, through Alcimede, as chief executive officer of most of the subsidiaries of the Company. From September 2008 through May 2011, Mr. Lagan was a private investor. In 2008, TecEnergy UK Limited (“TEC”), a waste management and alternative energy company in England and Wales, of which Mr. Lagan served as a director, was placed into administration to protect it from bankruptcy. The relevant taxing authorities in the United Kingdom alleged that the directors reduced the debt of TEC to its creditors at the expense of tax liabilities to the taxing authorities. There were no other allegations of wrongdoing, but based on such allegations, the taxing authorities sought to have each of the directors of TEC banned from acting as a director in the United Kingdom for a three-year period. At the time of such action, Mr. Lagan had significant health issues and did not defend himself. As a result, Mr. Lagan was banned in his absence from acting as a director of a United Kingdom company from October 8, 2010 until October 2015 (In the Matter of TecEnergy UK Limited and in the Matter of the Company Directors Disqualifications Act of 1986 between the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills and Seamus Lagan (Norwich County Court, from 2014 to 2015, UK, Claim No. 0NR00656)). Mr. Lagan graduated from Ballymena Technical College in Ireland in 1989.

Gary L. Blum has served as a director of the Company since October 11, 2017. He established the Law Offices of Gary L. Blum in 1986. Mr. Blum has served as counsel for a wide variety of closely-held and public companies for over three decades. Prior to becoming an attorney, he was a tenured professor of philosophy at the University of Nebraska, Omaha. From September 2009 to July 2017, Mr. Blum served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Thunderclap Entertainment, Inc. (now known as TraqIQ, Inc.), a company whose business was to develop, produce and distribute low-budget independent feature films. He has also been Chairman of PotNetwork Holdings, Inc. since November 2015 and was its Chief Executive Officer from November 2015 until September 2107. That company is engaged in the development and sales of hemp-derived CBD oil containing products.

Trevor Langley has served as a director of the Company since April 9, 2017. Since 2006, he has been the Owner and Managing Partner of Avanti Capital Group LLC/Avanti Partners, LLC (“Avanti”). Avanti assists micro, small and mid-cap publicly traded companies and those looking to become public by leveraging traditional and new communication technologies, with a specialization in healthcare and alternative-energy markets. Avanti also provides comprehensive consulting services.

Family Relationships amongst Directors and Executive Officers

There are no family relationships between the executive officers and directors.

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The purpose of the audit committee is to review the Company’s audited financial statements with management, review the performance of the Company’s independent registered public accountants, approve audit fees and fees for the preparation of the Company’s tax returns, review the Company’s internal accounting policies and internal control procedures and consider and appoint the Company’s independent registered public accountants. The audit committee has the authority to engage the services of outside experts and advisors as it deems necessary or appropriate to carry out its duties and responsibilities.

The audit committee charter is available on the Company’s website at www.rennovahealth.com by selecting “Investors” and then “Corporate Governance” from the available options.

The audit committee of the Company consists of Trevor Langley and Gary L. Blum. Each member of the audit committee qualifies as “independent” for purposes of membership on audit committees pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. In addition, the board of directors of the Company has determined that Trevor Langley qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC. John Beach and Dr. Kamran Ajami also served as a member of the audit committee through his resignation as a director on May 30, 2019 and December 11, 2019, respectively.

Code of Conduct

The Company has adopted a written code of conduct (the “Code”), which is applicable to the Board of Directors and officers of the Company, including, but not limited to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Controller and all persons performing similar functions to the foregoing officers of the Company. We intend to post amendments to or waivers from the Code (to the extent applicable to our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer or Controller, or persons performing similar functions) on our website at www.rennovahealth.com. A copy of the Code will be provided to any person free of charge upon request by writing to Rennova Health, Inc., Attention: Secretary, 400 South Australian Avenue, Suite 800, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401.

Risk Management

The board of directors as a whole monitors and considers policies to manage risk as part of its regular activities. The audit committee is primarily responsible for the identification and review of financial risk and reports its activities to the board of directors.

Director Independence

The board of directors has affirmatively determined that each of Gary L. Blum and Trevor Langley is an “independent director”. No director qualifies as independent unless the board of directors affirmatively determines that the director does not have a material relationship with the listed company that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table sets forth all of the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to each individual that served as our principal executive officer or principal financial officer during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The Company did not have any other executive officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

(1)

Mr. Lagan was appointed Medytox’s President and Chief Executive Officer on September 15, 2014 and the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer on November 2, 2015. He served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company from September 30, 2016 through May 24, 2017. He was again appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer effective October 13, 2017 and served through June 30, 2018. Mr. Lagan has also been the Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company since the resignation of Mr. Immordino, effective May 10, 2019.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

The following table provides information regarding outstanding equity awards held by the named executive officers at December 31, 2019:

AGREEMENTS WITH NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Seamus Lagan

On October 1, 2012, Medytox Solutions, Inc. (“Medytox”) entered into a consulting agreement with Alcimede LLC, which is controlled by Mr. Lagan. This agreement replaced and superseded a previous Alcimede consulting agreement. This agreement was originally for three years, and is now subject to annual renewals thereafter, unless either party gives notice of non-renewal. The agreement provided for a retainer of $20,000 per month and reimbursement to Alcimede for its out of pocket expenses. The parties agreed to cancel the options issued pursuant to the prior agreement. Under the new agreement, Alcimede was issued 4,500,000 shares of common stock of Medytox and 1,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock of Medytox. In addition, Alcimede received options to purchase (i) 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Medytox exercisable at $2.50 per share through December 31, 2017, (ii) 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Medytox exercisable at $5.00 per share through December 31, 2017 and (iii) 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Medytox exercisable at $10.00 a share through December 31, 2022. On June 29, 2015, Alcimede exercised the option to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Medytox at an exercise price of $2.50 per share. The parties agreed to cancel the remaining options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Medytox at an exercise price of $5.00 per share and 1,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share in connection with the merger of Medytox with the Company on November 2, 2015. The share amounts and exercise prices in this paragraph are on a pre-merger basis and do not reflect the reverse splits effected by the Company since the merger.

Effective September 11, 2014 and in conjunction with the appointment of Mr. Lagan as our Chief Executive Officer, such consulting agreement with Alcimede was amended to provide for a monthly retainer of $31,250, and we agreed to provide Mr. Lagan with an automobile. During the year ended December 31, 2016, Alcimede received a cash bonus of $200,000. On April 1, 2017, Alcimede agreed to a voluntary reduction in the monthly retainer to $20,833, which was increased back up to $31,250 in April 2018.

Director Compensation

Non-employee directors receive an annual cash retainer of $40,000 and may be granted stock options. We do not pay employee directors for Board service in addition to their regular employee compensation. The Board has the primary responsibility for considering and determining the amount of director compensation.

The following table shows amounts earned by each non-employee Director in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019: