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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2002

or

Commission File Number: 0-26824

TEGAL CORPORATION

2201 South McDowell Blvd.
Petaluma, California 94954
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Telephone Number (707) 763-5600
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  [X]    No  [   ]

     As of January 31, 2003, there were 16,040,376 shares of our common stock outstanding.

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TEGAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

TEGAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes.

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TEGAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

See accompanying notes.

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TEGAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

Supplemental Schedule of Non Cash Investing Activities:

     The Company reclassified finished goods inventory to property and equipment during the quarter ended September 30, 2002 as the systems are being used for customer testing, training and demonstration purposes and the Company does not believe such equipment will be sold in the upcoming twelve months.

     On August 30, 2002, the Company acquired the outstanding capital stock of Sputterred Films, Inc. Consideration totaled $1,560 and consisted of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $1,185 and transaction costs of $375. The purchase price was allocated as follows:

See accompanying notes.

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TEGAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data)

1. Basis of Presentation:

     In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the March 31, 2002 audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the information set forth herein. The statements have been prepared in accordance with the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), but omit certain information and footnote disclosures necessary to present the statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Tegal Corporation (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year.

     On August 30, 2002 the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Sputtered Film’s Inc (see note 7). The results of Sputtered Films have been included in the Company’s results commencing on August 31, 2002

     The Company faces significant risks in the execution of its current business strategy, particularly in light of the volatile and uncertain market environment and the sharp reduction in the worldwide demand for semiconductor manufacturing capital equipment. These risks include, but are not limited to, process and product development, market acceptance of products and services, competition in both technology and price, retention of key personnel, maintenance of the largely fixed-cost global sales and service infrastructure and liquidity. Management believes that its responses to the unfolding business climate, including the recent staff reduction (see Note 9 and 10), and the Company’s currently available financial resources, including cash on hand and unused borrowing capacity, will be adequate to fund operations through fiscal year 2003. The Company raised $2.2 million from the private placement of units of common stock and warrants in December 2001 and may seek to raise additional financing which would result in additional dilution to the Company’s stockholders. There is no assurance that additional financing, if required, will be available on reasonable terms or at all.

2. Inventories:

     Inventories consisted of:

     The Company wrote down approximately $1.9 million of inventory during the quarter ended September 30, 2002 as a result of reduced revenue projections which reflect the continued slow-down of the semiconductor sector. In addition, $3.7 million of finished goods inventory was reclassified to property and equipment during the quarter ended September 30, 2002 as the systems are being used for customer testing, training and demonstration purposes and the Company does not believe such equipment will be sold in the upcoming twelve months.

3. Product Warranty:

     The Company provides warranty on all system sales based on the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage rates, and the efficiency by which the product failure is corrected. Should actual product failure rates, material usage rates and labor efficiencies differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability may be required.

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     Warranty activity for the three and nine months periods ended December 31, 2002 was:

4. Net Loss Per Common Share:

     Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net profit (loss) for the period by the weighted average common shares outstanding for that period. Diluted EPS takes into account the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares (“common stock equivalents”) had been issued.

     Common stock equivalents for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2002 were 3,012 and 37,741, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2001 were 36,214 and 115,716, respectively, and have been excluded from shares used in calculating diluted loss per share because their effect would be antidilutive.

5. New Accounting Pronouncements:

     In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued SFAS No. 141 (“SFAS 141”), “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 142 (“SFAS 142”), “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” SFAS 141 requires business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 to be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and clarifies the criteria for recording intangible assets separate from goodwill. SFAS 142 requires the use of a non-amortization approach to account for purchased goodwill and certain intangibles. Under a non-amortization approach, goodwill and certain intangibles are not amortized, but instead are reviewed annually for impairment and written down via a charge to results of operations in any periods in which the recorded value of goodwill and certain intangibles is more than their fair value. The Company adopted SFAS 141 and 142 on April 1, 2002.

     In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144 (“SFAS 144”), “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS 144 supersedes SFAS 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of” and applies to all long-lived assets (including discontinued operations) and consequently amends Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30 (“APB 30”), “Reporting Results of Operations-Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business.” SFAS 144 develops one accounting model (based on the model in SFAS 121) for long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale, as well as addresses the principal implementation issues. SFAS 144 requires that long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale be measured at the lower of book value or fair value less cost to sell. That requirement eliminates APB 30’s requirement that discontinued operations be measured at net realizable value or that entities include under “discontinued operations” amounts for operating losses that have not yet occurred. Additionally, SFAS 144 expands the scope of discontinued operations to include all components of an entity with operations that (1) can be distinguished from the rest of the entity and (2) will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity in a disposal transaction. SFAS 144 was adopted on April 1, 2002.

     The adoption of the above accounting standards did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

     On June 28, 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146 (“SFAS 146”), “Accounting for Exit or Disposal Activities”, effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. SFAS 146 addresses significant issues regarding the recognition, measurement, and reporting of costs that are associated with exit and disposal activities, including restructuring activities that are currently accounted for pursuant to the guidance that the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) has set forth in EITF Issue No. 94-3, “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring)”. A fundamental conclusion reached in SFAS 146 is that an entity’s commitment to a plan, by itself, does not create a present obligation to others that meets the definition of a liability. Therefore, this Statement eliminates the definition and requirements for recognition of exit costs in EITF Issue 94-3. This Statement also establishes that fair value is the objective for initial

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measurement of the liability. The scope of SFAS 146 also includes (1) costs related to terminating a contract that is not a capital lease and (2) termination benefits that employees who are involuntarily terminated receive under the terms of a one-time benefit arrangement that is not an ongoing benefit arrangement or an individual deferred-compensation contract. The Company does not believe that the implementation of this pronouncement will have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

6. Lines of Credit:

     At December 31, 2002, the Company had no amounts outstanding under its domestic line of credit, which is secured by substantially all of the Company’s domestic assets and which is further limited by the amounts of accounts receivable and inventories on the balance sheet. The facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $10.0 million, is available until July 26, 2004, and bears interest at prime plus 1.0 percent, or 5.25 percent as of December 31, 2002.

     As of December 31, 2002, the Company’s Japanese subsidiary had approximately $0.1 million outstanding under its bank line of credit which is secured by Japanese customer promissory notes held by such subsidiary in advance of payment on customers’ accounts receivable. The Japanese bank line bears interest at Japanese prime (1.375 percent as of December 31, 2002) plus 1.0 percent, has a renewal date of September 30, 2003, and has a total capacity of 150 million yen (approximately $1.3 million at exchange rates prevailing on December 31, 2002).

     Notes payable as of December 31, 2002 consisted of two outstanding notes to the California Trade and Commerce Agency and to a retiring officer of Sputtered Films, Inc. for $239,000 and $78,000, respectively. The unsecured note from the California Trade and Commerce Agency carries an annual interest rate of 5.75 percent with monthly interest only payments of approximately $4,200 per month. Although the payment deadlines are being met, the note is currently in technical default due to the merger of Sputtered Films and Tegal Corporation. T he unsecured note from the retiring officer of Sputtered Films, Inc. carries an annual interest rate of 10 percent.

7. Comprehensive Income (Loss):

     The components of comprehensive loss for the three and nine month periods ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 are as follows:

8. Acquisition:

     On August 30, 2002, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Sputtered Films, Inc., a California corporation (Sputtered Films”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger Agreement dated August 13, 2002. Sputtered Films is a leader in the design and manufacture of sputtering equipment for semiconductor, photomask, advanced packaging (including flip chip) and compound semiconductor applications. The acquisition of Sputtered Films secured a source for a complementary deposition technology for our new materials strategy. The total acquisition cost was $1,560,000, comprised of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $1,185,000 and transaction costs of $375,000. The results of Sputtered Films’ operations have been included in the Company’s results commencing on August 31, 2002.

     The purchase price of this acquisition has been allocated to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities on the basis of their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition, as determined by an appraisal performed by an independent valuation specialist. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price performed during the quarter ended September 30, 2002 has been completed with no significant adjustments. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on the allocation of the purchase price, is summarized as follows (in thousands):

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     The amounts allocated to technology and trade name will be amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of eight years.

     The following unaudited proforma financial results of Tegal Corporation and Sputtered Films for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 give effect to the acquisition of Sputtered Films as if the acquisition had occurred on the first day of the periods presented and includes adjustments such as amortization of intangible assets directly attributable to the acquisition, and expected to have a continuing impact on the combined company.

     The unaudited proforma financial results are provided for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s actual results would have been had the forgoing transaction been consummated on such date, nor does it give effect to the synergies, cost savings and other charges expected to result from the acquisition. Accordingly, the proforma financial results do not purport to be indicative of the Company’s results of operations as of the date hereof or for any period ended on the date hereof or for any other future date or period.

     Unaudited Proforma Financial Information (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

9. Restructuring:

     On November 7, 2002, the Company announced a restructuring plan resulting in the reduction of approximately 23% of the worldwide headcount. The Company recorded severance expense during the third quarter of fiscal 2003 of approximately $0.2 million of which approximately $0.1 is expected to be paid during Q4.

10. Subsequent events:

     On February 6, 2003 the Company announced a reorganization plan resulting in the reduction of approximately 20% of the worldwide headcount. The Company will record severance expense during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003 of approximately $0.1 million in connection with this matter.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     Information herein contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” or “continue” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology or which constitute projected financial information. The forward-looking statements relate to the near-term semiconductor capital equipment industry outlook, demand for our products, our quarterly revenue and earnings prospects for the near-term future and other matters contained herein. Such statements are based on current expectations and beliefs and involve a number of uncertainties and risks that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such uncertainties and risks include, but are not limited to, the cyclicality of the

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semiconductor industry, impediments to customer acceptance, fluctuations in quarterly operating results, competitive pricing pressures, the introduction of competitor products having technological and/or pricing advantages, product volume and mix and other risks detailed from time to time in our SEC reports. For further information, refer to the business description and risk factors sections included in our Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2002 and the risk factors section included in this Form 10-Q (Part II, Item 5) as filed with the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

     Our discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to inventories, warranty obligations, purchase order commitments, bad debts, income taxes, restructuring, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

     We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Revenue Recognition

     Revenue is only recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. We defer revenue recognition for new product sales until installation and customer acceptance have occurred. For sales of existing products, upon the transfer of title and risk of loss, revenue is recorded at the lesser of the fair value of the equipment or the contractual amount billable upon shipment. The remainder is recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue upon installation and customer acceptance. Revenue recognition for spare part sales is generally recognized upon shipment. Services revenue is recognized as the related services are provided, unless services are paid for in advance according to service contracts, in which case revenue is deferred and recognized over the service period using the straight-line method.

Bad Debt

     We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, or even a single customer was otherwise unable to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Given the average selling prices of our systems, a single customer default could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Inventories

     We estimate the effects of excess and obsolescence on the carrying values of our inventories based upon estimates of future demand and market conditions. We reserve inventories in excess of production demand. Should actual production demand differ from our estimates, additional inventory write-downs may be required, as was the case in the second quarter of fiscal 2003.

Warranty Obligations

     We provide for the estimated cost of our product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. Our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage rates, and the efficiency by which the product failure is corrected. Should actual product failure rates, material usage rates and labor efficiencies differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability may be required.

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Deferred Taxes

     We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Based on the uncertainty of future pre-tax income, we have fully reserved our deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2002. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made.

Results of Operations

     Tegal designs, manufactures, markets and services plasma etch systems used in the fabrication of integrated circuits, memory devices, read-write heads for the disk drive industry, printer heads, telecommunications equipment, small flat panel displays, device-level packaging, mask/reticle formation and MEMS. With the acquisition of Sputtered Films on August 30, 2002 for stock consideration and assumed liabilities of approximately $1.6 million, the Company now also provides deposition capabilities. The acquisition of Sputtered Films secured a source for a complementary deposition technology for our new materials strategy

     The following table sets forth certain financial items as a percentage of revenue for the three and nine-month periods ended December 31, 2002 and 2001:

     Product revenue. Product revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2002 was $3.5 million and $9.2 million, respectively, an increase for the three months and a decrease for the nine months of $1.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively, over the comparable periods in 2001. The increase for the three months ended December 31, 2002 was principally due to the sale of one 6500 series system as compared to the sale of no 6500 series systems for the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 was principally due to the sale of six fewer 900 series systems sold compared to the same period in the prior year. The decline in sales is due to the semiconductor industry downturn. As of December 31, 2002 and 2001, our backlog was $2.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

     Services revenue. Revenue from services for the three months ended December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001 were $ 0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. For the nine months ended December 31, 2002, service related revenue was $0.9 million, down from $1.5 million for the nine-month period ended December 31, 2001. The decreases of services revenue is a result of customers decreased utilization of Tegal’s etch systems during the current industry downturn.

     International sales as a percentage of the Company’s revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2002 were approximately 83.2% and 77.2%, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2001 were 47.1% and 58.5%, respectively. We believe that international sales will continue to represent a significant portion of our revenue.

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     Gross profit. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue (gross margin) was 2.4% and 40.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, and (13.4%) and 32.3% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The decrease in gross margin for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2002 compared to the same periods in the prior year was principally attributable to a $1.9 million write-down of inventory based on reduced revenue projections, which reflect the continued slow-down of the semiconductor sector and lower volume of system sales.

     Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, prototype material and other costs associated with our ongoing systems and process technology development, applications and field process support efforts. Research and development expenses were $1.1 million and $1.3 million for the three months and $3.4 million and $4.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, representing 29.8% and 53.6% of revenue for the three months and 33.6% and 32.1% of revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The decrease in absolute research and development spending is primarily due to the completion and implementation of specific projects and the continued cost reduction efforts.

     Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, trade show promotion and travel and living expenses associated with those functions. Sales and marketing expenses were $0.9 million and $0.8 million for the three months and $2.3 million and $3.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, representing 23.1% and 33.6% of revenue for the three months and 22.4% and 21.7% of revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The slight increase in spending for the three months ended December 31, 2002 was due to timing of commission expense on increased sales volumes over the same period in the prior year. The decrease in sales and marketing spending in the nine months ended December 31, 2002 is due to the continued cost reduction efforts.

     General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for general management, accounting and finance, human resources, information systems and investor relations functions and for legal, consulting and accounting fees of the Company. General and administrative expenses were $1.5 million and $1.2 million for the three months and $3.8 and $3.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, representing 39.2% and 48.9% of revenue for the three months and 37.4% and 26.5% of revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The increase in absolute general and administrative spending for the three-month period ended December 31, 2002, compared to the same periods in the prior year, was primarily attributable to the operating expenses that are incurred by Sputtered Films. The decrease in absolute general and administrative spending for the nine month period ended December 31, 2002, compared to the same periods in the prior year, was primarily attributable to continued cost reduction efforts.

     Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest expense on the domestic line of credit offset in part by interest income on outstanding cash balances, and gains and losses on foreign exchange.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

     For the nine-month periods ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, we financed our operations through the use of outstanding cash balances and borrowings against our promissory note borrowing facilities in Japan, as well as our domestic line of credit.

     Net cash used in operations was $3.9 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2002, due principally to a net loss of $8.1 million after adjusting for depreciation, a non-cash related write down of inventory, warrants issued for services rendered and allowance for bad debt, as well as a decrease in accounts receivable and inventories offset, in part, by a decrease in deferred revenue, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets and a decrease in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities. Net cash used in operations was $3.6 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2001, due principally to a net loss of $6.8 million after adjusting for depreciation, as well as a decrease in accounts receivable and inventory and an increase in deferred revenue offset, in part, by an increase in prepaid expenses and a decrease in accounts payable.

     Capital expenditures totaled approximately $0.3 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and $0.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001. Capital expenditures in both periods were incurred principally for leasehold improvements and to acquire design tools, analytical equipment and computers.

     Net cash used in financing activities totaled $0.6 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The cash used for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 was due principally to the repayment of borrowings on the domestic line of credit. Net cash used in financing activities totaled $0.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001, due principally to decreased borrowing under our domestic line of credit.

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     As of December 31, 2002, we had approximately $3.4 million of cash and cash equivalents. In addition to cash and cash equivalents, our other principal sources of liquidity consist of the unused portions of several bank-borrowing facilities. At December 31, 2002, the Company had no amounts outstanding under its domestic line of credit, which is secured by substantially all of the Company’s domestic assets and which is further limited by the amounts of accounts receivable and inventories on the balance sheet. The facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $10.0 million, is available until July 26, 2004, and bears interest at prime plus 1.0 percent, or 5.25 percent as of December 31, 2002.

     As of December 31, 2002, the Company’s Japanese subsidiary had approximately $0.1 million outstanding under its bank line of credit which is secured by Japanese customer promissory notes held by such subsidiary in advance of payment on customers’ accounts receivable. The Japanese bank line bears interest at Japanese prime (1.375 percent as of December 31, 2002) plus 1.0 percent, has a renewal date of September 30, 2003, and has a total capacity of 150 million yen (approximately $1.3 million at exchange rates prevailing on December 31, 2002).

     Notes payable as of December 31, 2002 consisted of two outstanding notes to the California Trade and Commerce Agency and to a retiring officer of Sputtered Films, Inc. for $239,000 and $78,000, respectively. The unsecured note from the California Trade and Commerce Agency carries an annual interest rate of 5.75 percent with monthly interest only payments of approximately $4,200 per month. Although the payment deadlines are being met, the note is currently in technical default due to the acquisition of Sputtered Films and Tegal Corporation. The unsecured note from the retiring officer of Sputtered Films, Inc carries an annual interest rate of 10 percent.

     We face significant risks in the execution of our current business strategy, particularly in light of the volatile and uncertain market environment and the sharp reduction in the worldwide demand for semiconductor manufacturing capital equipment. These risks include, but are not limited to, process and product development, market acceptance of products and services, competition in both technology and price, retention of key personnel, maintenance of the largely fixed-cost global sales and service infrastructure and liquidity. We believe that our response to the unfolding business climate and our currently available financial resources, including cash on hand, and unused borrowing capacity, will be adequate to fund operations through fiscal year 2003. We raised $2.2 million from the private placement of units of common stock and warrants in December 2001 and may seek to raise additional financing which would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. There is no assurance that additional financing, if required, will be available on reasonable terms or at all.

     For more information on our capital resources, see “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 5.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     Our cash equivalents are principally comprised of money market accounts. As of December 31, 2002, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3.4 million. These accounts are subject to interest rate risk and may fall in value if market interest rates increase. We attempt to limit this exposure by investing primarily in short-term securities having a maturity of three months or less. Due to the nature of our cash and cash equivalents, we have concluded that there is no material market risk exposure.

     We have foreign subsidiaries that operate and sell our products in various global markets. As a result, our cash flow and earnings are exposed to fluctuations in interest and foreign currency exchange rates. We attempt to limit these exposures through the use of various hedge instruments, primarily forward exchange contracts and currency option contracts (with maturities of less than three months) to manage our exposure associated with firm commitments and net asset and liability positions denominated in non-functional currencies. There have been no material changes regarding market risk since the disclosures made in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

     We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and, in reaching reasonable level of assurance management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

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     Within 90 days prior to the date of this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

     There have been no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect the internal controls subsequent to the date we completed our evaluation.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

     On September 1, 1999, we filed a patent infringement action against Lam Research Corporation (the “Lam” case), asserting infringement of two of our patents directed to dual frequency plasma processing technologies (the “‘618 and the ‘223 patents”). We sought injunctive relief barring Lam from manufacturing, selling and supporting products that incorporate our patented technology. We further sought enhanced damages for willful infringement of our patents. The suit was initially filed in United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, but was transferred by that court to the United States District Court of the Northern District of California. Following an adverse decision from the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in a prior case against Tokyo Electron Limited, Tegal voluntarily dismissed the ‘223 patent from the Lam case. A Markman hearing was held on the ‘618 patent in July 2002, and in September 2002 the Court issued a claim interpretation ruling in which it determined that the claim term “low frequency” means “less than approximately 1Mhz.” In October 2002, Lam filed a motion for summary judgment of non-infringement of the ‘618 patent. On January 14, 2003, after modifying its original Markman ruling and further interpreting “low frequency” to have an upper limit of 1.4 Mhz, the Court granted Lam’s motion for summary judgment of noninfringement of the ‘618 patent. Tegal plans to appeal that ruling. In the meantime, a counterclaim by Lam seeking an “exceptional case” finding and an award of attorney’s fees based on that finding, remains pending in the District Court. At this stage we cannot assure you of the outcome of the Lam case or of the effect of any such outcome on our business.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

     At the Company’s annual stockholders’ meeting held on October 22, 2002, the following individuals were re-elected to the Board of Directors:

     The proposal to adopt an amendment to the Company’s 1998 Equity Participation Plan to increase the maximum authorized shares from 1,900,000 to 2,400,000 shares was approved by the stockholders as follows:

Item 5. Other Information

     In accordance with Section 10A(i)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as added by Section 202 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Act”), we are required to disclose the non-audit services approved by our Audit Committee to be performed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our external auditor. Non-audit services are defined in the Act as services other than those provided in connection with an audit or a review of the financial statements of a company. The Audit Committee has approved the engagement of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for the following non-audit services: the preparation of federal and state income tax returns.

     On September 6, 2002, we received notification from Nasdaq that for the 30 days prior to the notice, the price of our common stock had closed below the minimum $1.00 per share bid price requirement for continued inclusion under Marketplace Rule 4450(a)(5) (the “Rule”), and were provided 90 calendar days, or until December 5, 2002, to regain compliance. Our bid price did not close above the minimum during that period. On December 6, 2002, we received notification from Nasdaq that our securities would be delisted from The Nasdaq National Market on December 16, 2002 unless we either (i) applied to transfer our securities to The Nasdaq SmallCap Market, in which case we would be afforded additional time to come into compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price requirement; or (ii) appealed the Nasdaq staff’s determination to the Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Panel (“the Panel”). On December 12, 2002 we requested an oral hearing before the Panel and such hearing took place on January 16, 2003 in Washington, D.C. Our appeal was based, among other things, on our intention to seek stockholder approval for a reverse split of our outstanding common stock. We have not yet received notice from Nasdaq about the decision of the Panel.

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Risk Factors

The semiconductor industry is cyclical and may experience periodic downturns which may negatively affect customer demand for our products and result in losses such as those experienced in the past.

     Our business depends upon the capital expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers, which in turn depend on the current and anticipated market demand for integrated circuits. The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and historically has experienced periodic downturns, which often have had a material adverse effect on the semiconductor industry’s demand for semiconductor capital equipment, including etch and deposition systems manufactured by us. In response to the current significant industry slow-down, we have initiated a substantial cost containment program and a corporate-wide restructuring to preserve our cash. However, the need for continued investment in research and development, possible capital equipment requirements and extensive ongoing customer service and support requirements worldwide will continue to limit our ability to reduce expenses in response to the current downturn.

Our competitors have greater financial resources and greater name recognition than we do and therefore may compete more successfully in the semiconductor capital equipment industry than we can.

     We believe that to be competitive, we will require significant financial resources in order to offer a broad range of systems, to maintain customer service and support centers worldwide and to invest in research and development. Many of our existing and potential competitors, including, among others, Applied Materials, Inc., Lam Research Corporation, Novellus and Tokyo Electron Limited, have substantially greater financial resources, more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing and customer service and support capabilities, larger installed bases of current generation etch, deposition and other production equipment and broader process equipment offerings, as well as greater name recognition than we do. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against these companies in the United States of America or worldwide.

Our future capital needs may exceed our ability to raise capital.

     The development, manufacture and marketing of etch and deposition systems are highly capital intensive. In order to be competitive, we must continue to make significant expenditures for, among other things, capital equipment and the manufacture of evaluation and demonstration unit inventory for our systems. Additionally, our industry is now experiencing a sharp decline in orders and revenues. If this decline continues, our existing cash balances, anticipated cash flow from operations and funds available under our existing lines of credit may not satisfy our financing requirements for the next 12 months. In December 2001, we completed a private placement of our common stock and received net proceeds of $2.2 million. We are also seeking additional financing. However, there can be no assurance that additional financing, if required, will be available on reasonable terms or at all. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of such securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

We have recently issued a large number of shares of our common stock, and the sale of these shares could cause our stock price to decline.

     We have recently issued a large number of shares of our common stock, and the sale of these shares could cause our stock price to decline. In August 2002, we issued approximately 1.5 million shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase approximately 350,000 additional shares on certain terms and conditions in connection with our acquisition of Sputtered Films, Inc. In December 2001, we issued an aggregate of approximately 1.66 million shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase approximately 830,500 additional shares on certain terms and conditions to investors in a private placement. In connection with the private placement, we also issued to our placement agent and its employees warrants to purchase 83,050 shares of our common stock. If these stockholders sell substantial amounts of these shares of our common stock, the market price of our common stock could fall.

If we fail to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market, our stock could be delisted.

     Our stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq National Market. The Nasdaq Stock Market’s Marketplace Rules impose certain minimum financial requirements on us for the continued listing of our stock. One such requirement is the minimum bid price on our stock of $1.00 per share. Beginning in 2002 there have been periods of time during which we have been out of compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid requirements of the Nasdaq National Market.

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     On September 6, 2002, we received notification from Nasdaq that for the 30 days prior to the notice, the price of our common stock had closed below the minimum $1.00 per share bid price requirement for continued inclusion under Marketplace Rule 4450(a)(5) (the “Rule”), and were provided 90 calendar days, or until December 5, 2002, to regain compliance. Our bid price did not close above the minimum during that period. On December 6, 2002, we received notification from Nasdaq that our securities would be delisted from The Nasdaq National Market on December 16, 2002 unless we either (i) applied to transfer our securities to The Nasdaq SmallCap Market, in which case we would be afforded additional time to come into compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price requirement; or (ii) appealed the Nasdaq staff’s determination to the Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Panel (“the Panel”). On December 12, 2002 we requested an oral hearing before the Panel and such hearing took place on January 16, 2003 in Washington, D.C. Our appeal was based, among other things, on our intention to seek stockholder approval for a reverse split of our outstanding common stock. We have not yet received notice from Nasdaq about the decision of the Panel.

     If we are out of compliance in the future with Nasdaq listing requirements, we may take actions in order to achieve compliance, which actions may include a transfer to The Nasdaq Small Cap Market and/or a reverse split of our common stock. If an initial delisting decision is made by the staff, we may appeal the decision as permitted by Nasdaq rules. If we are delisted and cannot obtain listing on another major market or exchange, our stock’s liquidity would suffer, and we would likely experience reduced analyst coverage and investor interest. Such factors may result in a decrease in our stock’s trading price. Delisting also may restrict us from issuing additional securities or securing additional financing.

We depend on sales of our advanced products to customers that may not fully adopt our product for production use.

     We have designed our advanced etch and deposition products for customer applications in emerging films, polysilicon and metal which we believe to be the leading edge of critical applications for the production of advanced semiconductor and other microelectronic devices. Revenues from the sale of our advanced systems accounted for 36% and 21% of total revenues in fiscal 2002 and 2001, respectively. Our advanced systems are currently being used primarily for research and development activities or low volume production. For these systems to achieve full market adoption, our customers must utilize them for volume production. There can be no assurance that the market for devices incorporating emerging films, polysilicon or metal will develop as quickly or to the degree that we expect.

     If our advanced systems do not achieve significant sales or volume production due to a lack of full customer adoption, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be materially adversely affected.

Our potential customers may not adopt our products because of their significant cost or because our potential customers are already using a competitor’s tool.

     A substantial investment is required to install and integrate capital equipment into a semiconductor production line. Additionally, we believe that once a device manufacturer has selected a particular vendor’s capital equipment, that manufacturer generally relies upon that vendor’s equipment for that specific production line application and, to the extent possible, subsequent generations of that vendor’s systems. Accordingly, it may be extremely difficult to achieve significant sales to particular customer once that customer has selected another vendor’s capital equipment unless there are compelling reasons to do so, such as significant performance or cost advantages. Any failure to gain access and achieve sales to new customers will adversely affect the successful commercial adoption of our products and could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our quarterly operating results may continue to fluctuate.

     Our revenue and operating results have fluctuated and are likely to continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, and there can be no assurance as to future profitability.

     Our 900 series etch systems typically sell for prices ranging between $250,000 and $600,000, while prices of our 6500 series critical etch systems and our Endeavor deposition system typically range between $1.8 million and $3.0 million. To the extent we are successful in selling our 6500 and Endeavor series systems, the sale of a small number of these systems will probably account for a substantial portion of revenue in future quarters, and a transaction for a single system could have a substantial impact on revenue and gross margin for a given quarter.

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     The timing of new systems and technology announcements and releases by us and others may also contribute to fluctuations in quarterly operating results, including cases in which new systems or technology offerings cause customers to defer ordering systems from our existing product lines. Our revenue and operating results may also fluctuate due to the timing and mix of systems sold, the volume of service provided and spare parts delivered in a particular quarter and changes in pricing by us, our competitors or suppliers.

Because technology changes rapidly, we may not be able to introduce our products in a timely enough fashion.

     The semiconductor manufacturing industry is subject to rapid technological change and new system introductions and enhancements. We believe that our future success depends on our ability to continue to enhance our existing systems and their process capabilities, and to develop and manufacture in a timely manner new systems with improved process capabilities. We may incur substantial unanticipated costs to ensure product functionality and reliability early in our products’ life cycles. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in the introduction and volume manufacture of new systems or that we will be able to develop and introduce, in a timely manner, new systems or enhancements to our existing systems and processes which satisfy customer needs or achieve market adoption.

Some of our sales cycles are lengthy, exposing us to the risks of inventory obsolescence and fluctuations in operating results.

     Sales of our systems depend, in significant part, upon the decision of a prospective customer to add new manufacturing capacity or to expand existing manufacturing capacity, both of which typically involve a significant capital commitment. We often experience delays in finalizing system sales following initial system qualification while the customer evaluates and receives approvals for the purchase of our systems and completes a new or expanded facility. Due to these and other factors, our systems typically have a lengthy sales cycle (often 12 to 18 months in the case of critical etch and deposition systems) during which we may expend substantial funds and management effort. Lengthy sales cycles subject us to a number of significant risks, including inventory obsolescence and fluctuations in operating results over which we have little or no control.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property or obtain licenses for third parties’ intellectual property and therefore we may be exposed to liability for infringement or the risk that our operations may be adversely affected.

     Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other measures, we may not be able to protect our technology adequately and competitors may be able to develop similar technology independently. Additionally, patent applications that we may file may not be issued and foreign intellectual property laws may not protect our intellectual property rights. There is also a risk that patents licensed by or issued to us will be challenged, invalidated or circumvented and that the rights granted thereunder will not provide competitive advantages to us. Furthermore, others may independently develop similar systems, duplicate our systems or design around the patents licensed by or issued to us.

     Existing litigation and any future litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort by us, which by itself could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Further, adverse determinations in such litigation could result in our loss of proprietary rights, subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to seek licenses from third parties or prevent us from manufacturing or selling our systems. In addition, licenses under third parties’ intellectual property rights may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all.

Our customers are concentrated and therefore the loss of a significant customer may harm our business.

     Our top five customers accounted for 54.4%, 42.0% and 53.1% of our systems revenues in fiscal 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Four customers accounted for more than 10% of net systems sales in fiscal 2002. Although the composition of the group comprising our largest customers may vary from year to year, the loss of a significant customer or any reduction in orders by any significant customer, including reductions due to market, economic or competitive conditions in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our ability to increase our sales in the future will depend, in part, upon our ability to obtain orders from new customers, as well as the financial condition and success of our existing customers and the general economy, which is largely beyond our ability to control.

We are exposed to additional risks associated with international sales and operations.

     International sales accounted for 67%, 61% and 59% of total revenue for fiscal 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. International sales are subject to certain risks, including the imposition of government controls, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar (which could increase the sales price in local currencies of our systems in foreign markets), changes in export license and other regulatory requirements,

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tariffs and other market barriers, political and economic instability, potential hostilities, restrictions on the export or import of technology, difficulties in accounts receivable collection, difficulties in managing distributors or representatives, difficulties in staffing and managing international operations and potentially adverse tax consequences. There can be no assurance that any of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

     Sales of our systems in certain countries are billed in local currency, and we have a line of credit denominated in Japanese Yen. We generally attempt to offset a portion of our U.S. dollar denominated balance sheet exposures subject to foreign exchange rate remeasurement by purchasing forward currency contracts for future delivery. There can be no assurance that our future results of operations and cash flows will not be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations. In addition, the laws of certain countries in which our products are sold may not provide our products and intellectual property rights with the same degree of protection as the laws of the United States of America.

Our Past and Future Acquisitions May Be Difficult to Integrate, Disrupt Our Business, Dilute Stockholder Value or Divert Management Attention.

     We acquired Sputtered Films, Inc. in August 2002. We may in the future seek to acquire or invest in additional businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our business, augment our market coverage, enhance our technical capabilities or that may otherwise offer growth opportunities. We may encounter problems with the assimilation of Sputtered Films or businesses, products or technologies acquired in the future including:

	•	difficulties in assimilation of acquired personnel, operations, technologies or products;
	•	unanticipated costs associated with acquisitions;
	•	diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns and potential disruption of our ongoing business;
	•	adverse effects on our existing business relationships with our customers;
	•	potential patent or trademark infringement from acquired technologies;
	•	adverse effects on our current employees and the inability to retain employees of acquired companies;
	•	use of substantial portions of our available cash as all or a portion of the purchase price; and
	•	dilution of our current stockholders due to issuances of additional securities as consideration for acquisitions.

If we are unable to successfully integrate our acquired companies or to create new or enhanced services, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits from our acquisitions. If we fail to achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquisitions, we may incur increased expenses and experience a shortfall in our anticipated revenues and we may not obtain a satisfactory return on our investment. In addition, if a significant number of employees of acquired companies fail to remain employed with us, we may experience difficulties in achieving the expected benefits of the acquisitions.

Our Workforce Reductions and Financial Performance May Adversely Affect the Morale and Performance of our Personnel and Our Ability to Hire New Personnel:

     We have made reductions in our workforce in order to reduce costs and bring staffing in line with our anticipated requirements. There were costs associated with the workforce reductions related to severance and other employee-related costs, and our restructuring may yield unanticipated costs and consequences, such as attrition beyond our planned reduction in staff. In addition, our common stock has declined in value below the exercise price of many options granted to employees pursuant to our stock option plans. Thus, the intended benefits of the stock options granted to our employees, the creation of performance and retention incentives, may not be realized. In addition, workforce reductions and management changes create anxiety and uncertainty and may adversely affect employee morale. As a result, we may lose employees whom we would prefer to retain. As a result of these factors, our remaining personnel may seek employment with larger, more established companies or companies they perceive having less volatile stock prices.

Our stockholder rights plan may deter takeover attempts.

     Under the terms of our stockholder rights plan, our board of directors is authorized to issue preferred stock without further stockholder approval or to exercise the anti-takeover provisions of our stockholder rights plan in the event of an unsolicited attempt to assume control over Tegal. Should our board of directors exercise such rights, such action could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Tegal.

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Our stock price is volatile and could result in a material decline in the value of your investment in Tegal.

     We believe that factors such as announcements of developments related to our business, fluctuations in our operating results, sales of our common stock into the marketplace, failure to meet or changes in analysts’ expectations, general conditions in the semiconductor industry or the worldwide economy, announcements of technological innovations or new products or enhancements by us or our competitors, developments in patents or other intellectual property rights, developments in our relationships with our customers and suppliers, natural disasters and outbreaks of hostilities could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition, in recent years the stock market in general, and the market for shares of small capitalization stocks in particular, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. There can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will not experience significant fluctuations in the future, including fluctuations that are unrelated to our performance.

Potential disruption of our supply of materials required to build our systems could have a negative effect on our operations and damage our customer relationships.

     Materials delays have not been significant in recent years. Nevertheless, we procure certain components and sub-assemblies included in our systems from a limited group of suppliers, and occasionally from a single source supplier. For example, we depend on MECS Corporation, a robotic equipment supplier, as the sole source for the robotic arm used in all of our 6500 series systems. We currently have no existing supply contract with MECS Corporation, and we currently purchase all robotic assemblies from MECS Corporation on a purchase order basis. Disruption or termination of certain of these sources, including our robotic sub-assembly source, could have an adverse effect on our operations and damage our relationship with our customers.

Any failure by us to comply with environmental regulations imposed on us could subject us to future liabilities.

     We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations related to the use, storage, handling, discharge or disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in our manufacturing process. We believe that we are currently in compliance in all material respects with these regulations and that we have obtained all necessary environmental permits generally relating to the discharge of hazardous wastes to conduct our business. Nevertheless, our failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in additional or corrective operating costs, suspension of production, alteration of our manufacturing processes or cessation of our operations.

Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

	(a) Exhibits

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SIGNATURES

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: February 13, 2003

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CERTIFICATIONS

I, Thomas R. Mika, certify that:

1.		I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Tegal Corporation;
2.		Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; and
3.		Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report.
4.		The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

	(a)		designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;
	(b)		evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and
	(c)		presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

	(a)		all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and
	(b)		any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

6.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

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I, Michael L. Parodi, certify that:

1.		I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Tegal Corporation;
2.		Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; and
3.		Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report.
4.		The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

	(a)		designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;
	(b)		evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and
	(c)		presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

	(a)		all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and
	(b)		any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

6.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

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