Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

v3.8.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in accordance with Regulation S-X of the SEC. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rennova Health, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

 

The Company has reclassified certain amounts in the 2016 consolidated financial statements to be consistent with the 2017 presentation. These principally relate to classification of certain revenues, cost of revenues and related segment data, as well as balance sheet classifications to assets and liabilities held for sale. Reclassifications relating to the discontinued operations of AMGS and HTS are described further in Note 17.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

 

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, comprehensive loss was equal to the net loss amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant areas of estimation include the allowance for bad debts, the lives and valuation of long-lived assets, impairment of assets and rates for amortization, accrued liabilities, future income tax, in valuation models used in estimating the allocation of fair value of debentures, warrants, embedded conversion options, deemed dividends and stock-based compensation and transactions and changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates and would impact future results of operations and cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid temporary cash investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

Service revenues are generated from laboratory testing services and hospital revenues.

 

Laboratory testing services include chemical diagnostic tests such as blood analysis and urine analysis. Laboratory service revenues are recognized at the time the testing services are performed and billed and are reported at their estimated net realizable amounts. Net service revenues are determined utilizing gross service revenues net of contractual adjustments and discounts. Even though it is the responsibility of the patient to pay for laboratory service bills, most individuals in the U.S. have an agreement with a third-party payer such as a commercial insurance provider, Medicaid or Medicare to pay all or a portion of their healthcare expenses; the majority of services provided by us are to patients covered under a third-party payer contract. In most cases, the Company is provided the third-party billing information and seeks payment from the third party in accordance with the terms and conditions of the third party payer for health service providers like us. Each of these third-party payers may differ not only in terms of rates, but also with respect to terms and conditions of payment and providing coverage (reimbursement) for specific tests. Estimated revenues are established based on a series of procedures and judgments that require industry specific healthcare experience and an understanding of payer methods and trends. Despite follow up billing efforts, the Company does not currently anticipate collection of a significant portion of self-pay billings, including the patient responsibility portion of the billing for patients covered by third party payers. The Company currently does not have any capitated agreements.

 

For hospital goods and or services, net revenues are determined utilizing gross revenues net of contractual adjustments and discounts and are recognized when goods and services are delivered. Even though it is the responsibility of the patient to pay for goods and services rendered, most individuals have an agreement with a third-party payer such as a commercial insurance provider, Medicaid or Medicare to pay all or a portion of their healthcare expenses.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. There is a five-step approach outlined in the standard. Entities are permitted to apply the new standard under the full retrospective method, subject to certain practical expedients, or the modified retrospective method that requires the application of the guidance only to contracts that are uncompleted on the date of initial application.

 

In determining revenue, we first identify the contract according to the scope of ASC 606 with the following criteria:

 

  The parties have approved the contract either in writing through the acknowledgement or consent of the patient responsibility or consent form; orally by acknowledgement or by scheduled appointment; or implicitly, based on the hospital’s customary business practices (outpatient services, inpatient, emergency room visits, for example).
  Each party’s rights and the contract’s payment terms are identified.
  The contract has commercial substance.
  Collection is probable.

 

The hospital ensures that it is probable and will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled. The hospital has established the transaction price for providing goods or services to a patient through historical cash collection and current data from each identified payer class. This may include the effects of variable consideration such as discounts and price concessions and may be less than the stated contract price. With variable consideration, whether applied on a contract-by-contract basis or by using a portfolio approach. The ultimate transaction price reflects explicit price concessions. The hospital has an obligation to provide medically necessary or emergency services regardless of a patient’s intent or ability to pay. In determining collectability, the evaluation is based on experience or the contract portfolio approach with either a specific patient or a class of similar patients.

 

The hospital practices the full retrospective approach of all the reporting periods presented under the new standard discloses any adjustment to prior-period information.

 

This includes but is not limited to Disaggregated revenue information, Contract asset and liability information, including significant changes from prior year, and Judgements, and changes in judgement, that significantly affect the determination of the amount of revenue and timing.

 

We review our calculations for the realizability of gross service revenues on a monthly basis in order to make certain that we are properly allowing for the uncollectable portion of our gross billings and that our estimates remain sensitive to variances and changes within our payer groups. The contractual allowance calculation is made on the basis of historical allowance rates for the various specific payer groups on a monthly basis with a greater weight being given to the most recent trends; this process is adjusted based on recent changes in underlying contract provisions. This calculation is routinely analyzed by us on the basis of actual allowances issued by payers and the actual payments made to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed.

Contractual Allowances and Doubtful Accounts Policy

Contractual Allowances and Doubtful Accounts Policy

 

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of allowances for credits and doubtful accounts, which are estimated and recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company has a standardized approach to estimating and reviewing the collectability of its receivables based on a number of factors, including the period they have been outstanding. Historical collection and payer reimbursement experience is an integral part of the estimation process related to allowances for contractual credits and doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company regularly assesses the state of its billing operations in order to identify issues which may impact the collectability of these receivables or reserve estimates. Receivables deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts at the time such receivables are written-off. Recoveries of receivables previously written-off are recorded as credits to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Revisions to the allowances for doubtful accounts estimates are recorded as an adjustment to provision for bad debts. See Note 4 – Accounts Receivable.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company accounts for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets according to the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 clarifies the accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, including the disposal of business segments and major lines of business. Long-lived assets are reviewed when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. When necessary, impaired assets are written down to estimated fair value based on the best information available. Estimated fair value is generally based on either appraised value or measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates. The Company did not record an impairment charge during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded an impairment charge for certain of the Company’s property and equipment in the amount of $1.0 million. In December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $1.0 million related to the Genomas acquisition. Genomas is part of AMSG and is included in the discontinued operations – see Note 17.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value, Including the Adoption of ASU 2017-11

Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value, Including the Adoption of ASU 2017-11

 

We account for warrants issued in conjunction with the issuance of common stock and certain convertible debt instruments in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”). For warrant instruments and conversion options embedded in promissory notes that are not deemed to be indexed to the Company’s own stock, we classified such instruments as liabilities at their fair values at the time of issuance and adjusted the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. These liabilities were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until extinguished either through conversion or exercise, and any change in fair value was recognized in our statement of operations. The fair values of these derivative and other financial instruments had been estimated using a Black-Scholes model and other valuation techniques.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). The amendments in Part II of this Update re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect.

 

Under current GAAP, an equity-linked financial instrument with a down round feature that otherwise is not required to be classified as a liability under the guidance in Topic 480 is evaluated under the guidance in Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, to determine whether it meets the definition of a derivative. If it meets that definition, the instrument (or embedded feature) is evaluated to determine whether it is indexed to an entity’s own stock as part of the analysis of whether it qualifies for a scope exception from derivative accounting. Generally, for warrants and conversion options embedded in financial instruments that are deemed to have a debt host (assuming the underlying shares are readily convertible to cash or the contract provides for net settlement such that the embedded conversion option meets the definition of a derivative), the existence of a down round feature results in an instrument not being considered indexed to an entity’s own stock. This results in a reporting entity being required to classify the freestanding financial instrument or the bifurcated conversion option as a liability, which the entity must measure at fair value initially and at each subsequent reporting date.

 

The amendments in this Update revise the guidance for instruments with down round features in Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, which is considered in determining whether an equity-linked financial instrument qualifies for a scope exception from derivative accounting. An entity still is required to determine whether instruments would be classified in equity under the guidance in Subtopic 815-40 in determining whether they qualify for that scope exception. If they do qualify, freestanding instruments with down round features are no longer classified as liabilities and embedded conversion options with down round features are no longer bifurcated.

 

For entities that present EPS in accordance with Topic 260, and when the down round feature is included in an equity-classified freestanding financial instrument, the value of the effect of the down round feature is treated as a dividend when it is triggered and as a numerator adjustment in the basic EPS calculation. This reflects the occurrence of an economic transfer of value to the holder of the instrument, while alleviating the complexity and income statement volatility associated with fair value measurement on an ongoing basis. Convertible instruments are unaffected by the Topic 260 amendments in this Update.

 

Those amendments in Part 1 of this Update are a cost savings relative to current GAAP. This is because, assuming the required criteria for equity classification in Subtopic 815-40 are met, an entity that issued such an instrument no longer measures the instrument at fair value at each reporting period (in the case of warrants) or separately accounts for a bifurcated derivative (in the case of convertible instruments) on the basis of the existence of a down round feature. For convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features, applying specialized guidance such as the model for contingent beneficial conversion features rather than bifurcating an embedded derivative also reduces cost and complexity. Under that specialized guidance, the issuer recognizes the intrinsic value of the feature only when the feature becomes beneficial instead of bifurcating the conversion option and measuring it at fair value each reporting period.

 

The amendments in Part II of this Update replace the indefinite deferral of certain guidance in Topic 480 with a scope exception. This has the benefit of improving the readability of the Codification and reducing the complexity associated with navigating the guidance in Topic 480.

 

For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other entities, the amendments in Part I of this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in Part 1 of this Update should be applied in either of the following ways: 1. Retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first fiscal year and interim period(s) in which the pending content that links to this paragraph is effective; or 2. Retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature for each prior reporting period presented in accordance with the guidance on accounting changes in paragraphs 250-10-45-5 through 45-10.

 

The amendments in Part II of this Update do not require any transition guidance because those amendments do not have an accounting effect.

 

The Company has determined that this amendment had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and has early adopted this accounting standard update. The cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-11 resulted in the reclassification of the derivative liability recorded of $56 million and the reversal of $41 million of interest expense recorded in the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2017. The remaining $16 million was offset to additional paid in capital (discount on convertible debenture). Additionally, the Company recognized a deemed dividend from the trigger of the down round provision feature of $53.3 million. A $51 million deemed dividend was recorded retrospectively as of the beginning of the issuance of the debentures issued in March 2017 where the initial derivative liability was recorded as a result of the down round provision feature.

 

In accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” the Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

 

  Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
     
  Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets).
     
  Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including the Company’s own assumptions.

 

The estimated fair value of financial instruments is determined by the Company using available market information and valuation methodologies considered to be appropriate. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of the Company’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

 

The following table sets forth the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:

 

    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
As of December 31, 2016                                
Beneficial conversion features:                                
Notes payable   $ -     $ -     $ 409,524     $ 409,524  
Variable priced warrants:                                
Derivative liabilities   $ -     $ -     $ 2,803     $ 2,803  
As of December 31, 2017                                
Derivative liabilities   $ -     $ -     $ 12,435,250     $ 12,435,250  

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, total loss realized on instruments valued using Level 3 valuations were $12.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2016, total realized and unrealized gains on instruments valued using Level 3 valuation methods were $7.0 million.

 

For beneficial conversion features valued using Level 3 valuation methods, the Company determines the fair value as of each balance sheet date by comparing the discounted conversion price per share multiplied by the number of shares issuable at that date to the actual price per share multiplied by the number of shares issuable at that date. The difference is recorded as a liability. For beneficial conversion features, all inputs are observable and therefore there is no sensitivity in the valuation to unobservable inputs.

 

For contingently issuable variable priced warrants and variable priced warrants, the Company determines the fair value as of each balance sheet date by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as though the exercise price of the warrants were reduced to the last market closing price of its stock for the period, to the extent that it is less than the then current exercise price. The value calculated is recorded as a liability. For contingently issuable variable priced warrants and variable priced warrants, all inputs are observable and, therefore, there is no sensitivity in the valuation to unobservable inputs.

 

For derivative liabilities: (i) for embedded conversion options valued at $1.6 million, the Company determines the fair value by comparing the discounted conversion price per share (85% of market price) multiplied by the number of shares issuable at the balance sheet date to the actual price per share of the Company’s common stock multiplied by the number of shares issuable at that date with the difference in value recorded as a liability; and (ii) for warrants valued at $10.5 million, the Company determines the fair value by comparing the fixed price per share (which was 85% of market price) multiplied by the number of shares issuable at the balance sheet date to the actual price per share of the Company’s common stock multiplied by the number of shares issuable at that date with the difference in value recorded as a liability; and (iii) for warrants valued at $0.3 million, the Company determines the fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. All inputs for the derivative liabilities are observable and, therefore, there is no sensitivity in the valuation to unobservable inputs.

 

The following table reconciles the changes in the liabilities categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the year ended December 31, 2017:

 

Balance at December 31, 2016   $ 412,327  
Gain on change in fair value included in net loss     27,406  
Reclassifications to equity     (439,733 )
Derivative liabilities     12,435,250  
Balance at December 31, 2017   $ 12,435,250  

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for Stock-Based Compensation under ASC 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which addresses the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. ASC 718-10 requires measurement of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Incremental compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awards after the grant date must be recognized.

 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with ASC 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Under ASC 505-50, the Company determines the fair value of the warrants or stock-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the services provided or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Any stock options or warrants issued to non-employees are recorded in expense and additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity over the applicable service periods using variable accounting through the vesting dates based on the fair value of the options or warrants at the end of each period.

 

The Company issues stock to consultants for various services. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete. The Company recognizes consulting expense and a corresponding increase to additional paid-in-capital related to stock issued for services.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, future tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the amounts reported in the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Future tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantially enacted income tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realized or the liability settled. The effect of a change in income tax rates on future income tax liabilities and assets is recognized in income in the period that the change occurs. Future income tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are considered more likely than not to be realized. When projected future taxable income is insufficient to provide for the realization of deferred tax assets, the Company recognizes a valuation allowance (see Note 14).

 

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company is required to determine whether a tax position of the Company is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Derecognition of a tax benefit previously recognized could result in the Company recording a tax liability that would reduce net assets. Based on its analysis, the Company has determined that it has not incurred any liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Segment Information

Segment Information

 

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 280-10, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company is required to report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments. The Company has two operating segments as of December 31, 2017: Clinical Laboratory Services and Hospital Operations (see Note 16).