Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Description of Business

Description of Business

 

Rennova Health, Inc. (“Rennova”), together with its subsidiaries (the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”), is a vertically integrated provider of healthcare related products and services. The Company’s principal lines of business are (i) Hospital Operations; and (ii) Clinical Laboratory Operations. The Company presents its financial results based upon these two business segments, which are more fully discussed in Note 16.

Reverse Stock Split

Reverse Stock Split

 

On November 5, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a 1-for-500 reverse stock split effective November 12, 2018 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The stockholders of the Company had approved the amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation on August 22, 2018 for the Reverse Stock Split. The Company’s stockholders had granted authorization to the Board of Directors to determine in its discretion the specific ratio, subject to limitations, and the timing of the reverse split within certain specified effective dates.

 

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 500 shares of the Company’s then outstanding common stock was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on November 12, 2018. In addition, the conversion and exercise prices of all of the Company’s outstanding preferred stock, common stock purchase warrants, stock options, restricted stock, equity incentive plans and convertible notes payable were proportionately adjusted at the applicable reverse split ratio in accordance with the terms of such instruments. In addition, proportionate voting rights and other rights of common stockholders were not affected by the Reverse Stock Split, other than as a result of cash paid in lieu of fractional shares as no fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split.

 

All share, per share and capital stock amounts as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 have been restated to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split.

 

In addition, on September 18, 2018, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation to have the authority to issue 10,000,000,000 shares of common stock and the par value of the Company’s common stock was decreased from $0.01 per share to $0.0001 per share. No additional change was made to the terms of the Company’s common stock as a result of the November 12, 2018 reverse stock split and no change was made to the authorized preferred stock, which remains at 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

 

The Reverse Stock Split provided sufficient authorized and unissued shares to allow for the Company’s outstanding and otherwise equity classified instruments to be classified in equity. As a result, the fair value of these instruments was evaluated for reclassification and, as a result, during the third quarter of 2018, the Company reclassified its derivative liabilities previously reported as a current liability to derivative income. On October 4, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized the issuance and sale of certain shares of its Series K Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series K Preferred Stock”) to Alcimede LLC (“Alcimede”), a related party, as more fully discussed in Note 19. The Board considered all options to secure additional financing required to continue operations and determined this authorization to be necessary to secure needed financing in the required time frame. As a result of this authorization, as of the date of filing this report, the Company believes that it has the ability to have sufficient authorized shares of its common stock to cover all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding.

Jamestown Regional Medical Center Medicare Agreement

Jamestown Regional Medical Center Medicare Agreement

 

Following an inspection at Jamestown Regional Medical Center on February 5, 2019, the hospital was informed on February 15 that several conditions of participation in its Medicare agreement were deficient. The hospital was informed that if the deficiencies where not corrected by May 16 the Medicare agreement would terminate. A follow-up inspection on May 15 resulted in the determination that the hospital had failed to adequately correct the deficiencies highlighted and a notice of involuntary termination was issued that was effective on June 12, 2019. A significant percentage of patients at Jamestown Regional Medical Center are covered by Medicare and without any ability to get paid for these services the Company suspended operations at the hospital. The hospital received initial approval of its application to reactivate the Medicare agreement in August of 2019 and is currently planning the reopening of the hospital.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared using generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all information or notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements as filed on the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 21, 2019. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2019, and the results of its operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 may not be indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) include the accounts of Rennova and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Reclassification

Reclassification

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company has presented the proceeds from related party notes payable and advances that were previously netted against payments on related party notes payable and advances as a separate line item on the Statement of Cash Flows. This reclassification did not have an effect on total cash flow from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, comprehensive loss was equal to the net loss amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include the estimates of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including hospital acquisitions, reserves, contractual allowances and write-downs related to receivables and inventories, the recoverability of long-lived assets, stock based compensation, the valuation allowance relating to the Company’s deferred tax assets, valuation of equity and derivative instruments, including modifications thereof, deemed dividends and debt discounts, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates and would impact future results of operations and cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid temporary cash investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had minimal cash equivalents at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

Hospital Operations

 

Our revenues generally relate to contracts with patients in which our performance obligations are to provide health care services to the patients. Revenues are recorded during the period our obligations to provide health care services are satisfied. Our performance obligations for inpatient services are generally satisfied over periods that average approximately five days, and revenues are recognized based on charges incurred in relation to total expected charges. Our performance obligations for outpatient services are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payer (Medicare, Medicaid, managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the transaction prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by (Medicare and Medicaid) or negotiated with (managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies) the third-party payers. The payment arrangements with third-party payers for the services we provide to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than our standard charges. Medicare generally pays for inpatient and outpatient services at prospectively determined rates based on clinical, diagnostic and other factors. Services provided to patients having Medicaid coverage are generally paid at prospectively determined rates per discharge, per identified service or per covered member. Agreements with commercial insurance carriers, managed care and preferred provider organizations generally provide for payments based upon predetermined rates per diagnosis, per diem rates or discounted fee-for-service rates. Management continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals. Our revenues are based upon the estimated amounts we expect to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care and commercial insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. Revenues related to uninsured patients and uninsured copayment and deductible amounts for patients who have health care coverage may have discounts applied (uninsured discounts and contractual discounts). We also record estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record self-pay revenues at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

 

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare and Medicaid programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Estimated reimbursement amounts are adjusted in subsequent periods as cost reports are prepared and filed and as final settlements are determined (in relation to certain government programs, primarily Medicare, this is generally referred to as the “cost report” filing and settlement process). There were no adjustments to estimated Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement amounts and disproportionate-share funds related primarily to cost reports filed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

 

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (“EMTALA”) requires any hospital participating in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency room for treatment and, if the individual is suffering from an emergency medical condition, to either stabilize the condition or make an appropriate transfer of the individual to a facility able to handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of an individual’s ability to pay for treatment. Federal and state laws and regulations require, and our commitment to providing quality patient care encourages, us to provide services to patients who are financially unable to pay for the health care services they receive. The federal poverty level is established by the federal government and is based on income and family size. The Company considers the poverty level in determining whether patients qualify for free or reduced cost of care. Because we do not pursue collection of amounts determined to qualify as charity care, they are not reported in revenues. We provide discounts to uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid or charity care. In implementing the uninsured discount policy, we may first attempt to provide assistance to uninsured patients to help determine whether they may qualify for Medicaid, other federal or state assistance, or charity care. If an uninsured patient does not qualify for these programs, the uninsured discount is applied.

 

The collection of outstanding receivables for Medicare, Medicaid, managed care payers, other third-party payers and patients is our primary source of cash and is critical to our operating performance. The primary collection risks relate to uninsured patient accounts, including patient accounts for which the primary insurance carrier has paid the amounts covered by the applicable agreement, but patient responsibility amounts (deductibles and copayments) remain outstanding. Implicit price concessions relate primarily to amounts due directly from patients. Estimated implicit price concessions are recorded for all uninsured accounts, regardless of the aging of those accounts. Accounts are written off when all reasonable internal and external collection efforts have been performed. The estimates for implicit price concessions are based upon management’s assessment of historical write-offs and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in federal, state and private employer health care coverage and other collection indicators. Management relies on the results of detailed reviews of historical write-offs and collections at facilities that represent a majority of our revenues and accounts receivable (the “hindsight analysis”) as a primary source of information in estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable. We perform the hindsight analysis quarterly, utilizing rolling twelve-months accounts receivable collection and write-off data. We believe our quarterly updates to the estimated contractual allowance amounts at each of our hospital facilities provide reasonable estimates of our revenues and valuations of our accounts receivable.

 

Clinical Laboratory Operations

 

Laboratory testing services include chemical diagnostic tests such as blood analysis and urine analysis. Laboratory service revenues are recognized at the time the testing services are performed and billed and are reported at their estimated net realizable amounts. Net service revenues are determined utilizing gross service revenues net of contractual adjustments and discounts. Even though it is the responsibility of the patient to pay for laboratory service bills, most individuals in the U.S. have an agreement with a third-party payer such as a commercial insurance provider, Medicaid or Medicare to pay all or a portion of their healthcare expenses; most of the services provided by us are to patients covered under a third-party payer contract. In most cases, the Company is provided the third-party billing information and seeks payment from the third party in accordance with the terms and conditions of the third-party payer for health service providers like us. Each of these third-party payers may differ not only in terms of rates, but also with respect to terms and conditions of payment and providing coverage (reimbursement) for specific tests. Estimated revenues are established based on a series of procedures and judgments that require industry specific healthcare experience and an understanding of payer methods and trends. Despite follow up billing efforts, the Company does not currently anticipate collection of a significant portion of self-pay billings, including the patient responsibility portion of the billing for patients covered by third party payers. The Company currently does not have any capitated agreements.

 

We review our calculations for the realizability of gross service revenues monthly to make certain that we are properly allowing for the uncollectable portion of our gross billings and that our estimates remain sensitive to variances and changes within our payer groups. The contractual allowance calculation is made based on historical allowance rates for the various specific payer groups monthly with a greater weight being given to the most recent trends; this process is adjusted based on recent changes in underlying contract provisions. This calculation is routinely analyzed by us based on actual allowances issued by payers and the actual payments made to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed.

Bad Debt and Contractual Allowances

Bad Debt and Contractual Allowances

 

Total gross revenues for Hospital and Clinical Laboratory Operations were reduced in the aggregate by approximately $0.9 million and $1.8 million for bad debt for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. After bad debt and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues of $21.9 million and $25.1 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, we reported net revenues of $3.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively.

 

Total gross revenues for Hospital and Clinical Operations were reduced in the aggregate by approximately $4.8 million and $3.1 million for bad debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. After bad debt and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues of $86.7 million and $43.8 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, we reported net revenues of $13.1 million and $9.9 million, respectively. We continue to review the provision for bad debt and contractual and related allowances.

Leases, Including the Adoption of ASU No. 2016-02

Leases, Including the Adoption of ASU No. 2016-02

 

We adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires leases with durations greater than 12 months to be recognized on the balance sheet, effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Prior period financial statement amounts and disclosures have not been adjusted to reflect the provisions of the new standard. We elected the package of transition provisions available which allowed us to carryforward our historical assessments of (1) whether contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. We lease property and equipment under finance and operating leases. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record the related right-of-use assets and right-of-use obligations at the present value of lease payments over the term. We do not separate lease and non-lease components of contracts. Our operating and finance leases are more fully discussed in Note 10.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value, Including the Adoption of ASU 2017-11

Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value, Including the Adoption of ASU 2017-11

 

We account for warrants issued in conjunction with the issuance of common stock and certain convertible debt instruments in accordance with the guidance contained in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”). For warrant instruments and conversion options embedded in promissory notes that are not deemed to be indexed to the Company’s own stock, we classified such instruments as liabilities at their fair values at the time of issuance and adjusted the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. These liabilities were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until extinguished either through conversion or exercise, and any change in fair value was recognized in our statement of operations. The fair values of these derivative and other financial instruments had been estimated using a Black-Scholes model and other valuation techniques.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). The amendments in Part II of this Update re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect.

 

When the down round feature is included in an equity-classified freestanding financial instrument, the value of the effect of the down round feature is treated as a dividend when it is triggered and as a numerator adjustment in the basic EPS calculation. This reflects the occurrence of an economic transfer of value to the holder of the instrument, while alleviating the complexity and income statement volatility associated with fair value measurement on an ongoing basis.

 

The Company has early adopted this accounting standard update. The cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-11 resulted in the reclassification of the derivative liability recorded of $56 million and the reversal of $41 million of interest expense recorded in the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2017. The remaining $16 million was offset to additional paid-in-capital (discount on convertible debenture). Additionally, the Company recognized a deemed dividend from the trigger of the down round provision feature of $53.3 million of which $51 million of the deemed dividend was recorded retrospectively as of the beginning of the issuance of the debentures issued in March 2017 where the initial derivative liability was recorded as a result of the down round provision feature. A deemed dividend of $231.8 million was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018, a deemed dividend of $123.9 million was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and a deemed dividend of $17.9 million and $17.9 million was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, as a result of down round provision features. See Note 11 for an additional discussion of derivative financial instruments.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

 

The Company reports earnings (loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”, which establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net (loss) earnings allocable to common shareholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, including stock options and warrants outstanding for the period as determined using the treasury stock method. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation when their effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common shareholders is the same for periods with a net loss. See Note 3 for the computation of earnings (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.