Note 4 – Accounts Receivable and Income Tax Refunds Receivable

Accounts receivable at June 30, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019 consisted of the following:

The allowance for discounts reflected in the table above increased as a percentage of accounts receivable to 79.0% at June 30, 2020 compared to 63.0% at December 31, 2019. The allowance for discounts varies based on changes in historical contractual allowance rates.

For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, bad debt expense was $2.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, bad debt expense was $4.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively. The allowance for bad debts decreased by $2.8 million at June 30, 2020 compared to the balance at December 31, 2019. The Company’s policy is to write off accounts receivable balances against the allowance for bad debts once an accounts receivable ages past a specified number of days.

Accounts Receivable Sales Agreements and Installment Promissory Note

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into five accounts receivable sales agreements, including three that were entered into during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The aggregate amount of accounts receivable sold on a non-recourse basis during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $3.9 million. The aggregate purchase price paid to the Company was $2.7 million, less $0.1 million of origination fees. As of December 31, 2019, $1.1 million was outstanding and owed under these accounts receivable sales agreements. On January 29, 2020, the Company entered into a Secured Installment Promissory Note (the “Installment Note”) in the principal amount of $1.2 million, less $0.1 million in origination fees, the proceeds of which were used to satisfy in full the amounts due under accounts receivable sales agreements. The Installment Note is more fully discussed in Note 7.

On June 26, 2020, the Company entered into an accounts receivable sales agreement under which the Company sold $0.7 million of accounts receivable on a non-recourse basis for a purchase price paid to the Company of $0.5 million, less origination fees. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss on the sale of $0.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, $0.7 million was outstanding and owed under the accounts receivable sales agreement.

Income Tax Refunds Receivable

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $1.8 million of income tax refunds receivable of which $0.6 million is more fully discussed in Note 15. During the first quarter of 2020, the U.S. Congress approved the CARES Act, which allows a five-year carryback privilege for federal net operating tax losses that arose in a tax year beginning in 2018 and through the current tax year, that is, 2020. As a result, during the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $1.1 million in refunds from the carryback of certain of its federal net operating losses. The Company’s federal net operating losses are more fully discussed in Note 15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.