Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with Regulation S-X of the SEC. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rennova Health, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, comprehensive (loss) income was equal to the net (loss) income amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of net revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include the estimates of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, contractual allowances and bad debt reserves, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation allowance relating to the Company’s deferred tax assets, the valuations of investments, equity and derivative instruments, income from HHS Provider Relief Funds and deemed dividends, litigation and related reserves, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates and would impact future results of operations and cash flows.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid temporary cash investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” including subsequently issued updates. Under the accounting guidance, we no longer present the provision for doubtful accounts as a separate line item and our revenues are presented net of estimated contractual allowances and estimated implicit price concessions. We also do not present “allowances for doubtful accounts” on our balance sheets.

Our revenues relate to contracts with patients in which our performance obligations are to provide health care services to the patients. Revenues are recorded during the period our obligations to provide health care services are satisfied. Our performance obligations for inpatient services are generally satisfied over periods averaging approximately three days, and revenues are recognized based on charges incurred. Our performance obligations for outpatient services, including emergency room-related services, are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payer (Medicare, Medicaid, managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the transaction prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by (Medicare and Medicaid) or negotiated with (managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies) the third-party payers. The payment arrangements with third-party payers for the services we provide to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than our standard charges. Medicare, because of the Big South Fork Medical Center’s designation as a Critical Access Hospital, generally pays for inpatient and outpatient services at rates related to the hospital’s costs. Services provided to patients having Medicaid coverage are generally paid at prospectively determined rates per discharge, per identified service or per covered member. Agreements with commercial insurance carriers, managed care and preferred provider organizations generally provide for payments based upon predetermined rates per diagnosis, per diem rates or discounted fee-for-service rates. Management continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals. Our net revenues are based upon the estimated amounts we expect to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care and commercial insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. Revenues related to uninsured patients and uninsured copayment and deductible amounts for patients who have health care coverage may have discounts applied (uninsured discounts and contractual discounts). We also record estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record self-pay revenues at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare and Medicaid programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Estimated reimbursement amounts are adjusted in subsequent periods as cost reports are prepared and filed and as final settlements are determined (in relation to certain government programs, primarily Medicare, this is generally referred to as the “cost report” filing and settlement process). During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company’s Big South Fork Medical Center received a communication that its final Medicare cost report for the six months ending December 31, 2021 was accepted and that it reflected a retroactive adjustment of $1.6 million as a result of an overpayment. Accordingly, the Company has reflected the $1.6 million cost report adjustment as a liability at December 31, 2022. Furthermore, the Company recognized an additional $0.5 million as a liability at December 31, 2022 (net of recoupments) based on further correspondence with its fiscal intermediary and likely overpayments by Medicare for fiscal 2022.

The collection of outstanding receivables for Medicare, Medicaid, managed care payers, other third-party payers and patients is our primary source of operating cash and is critical to our operating performance. The primary collection risks relate to uninsured patient accounts, including patient accounts for which the primary insurance carrier has paid the amounts covered by the applicable agreement, but patient responsibility amounts (deductibles and copayments) remain outstanding. Implicit price concessions relate primarily to amounts due directly from patients. Estimated implicit price concessions are recorded for all uninsured accounts, regardless of the aging of those accounts. Accounts are written off when all reasonable internal and external collection efforts have been performed. The estimates for implicit price concessions are based upon management’s assessment of historical write offs and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in federal, state and private employer health care coverage and other collection indicators. Management relies on the results of detailed reviews of historical write-offs and collections at facilities that represent a majority of our revenues and accounts receivable (the “hindsight analysis”) as a primary source of information in estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable.

Contractual Allowances and Doubtful Accounts Policy

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of estimated contractual allowances and estimated implicit price concessions (also referred to as doubtful accounts), which are estimated and recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company has a standardized approach to estimating and reviewing the collectability of its receivables based on a number of factors, including the period they have been outstanding. Historical collection and payer reimbursement experience is an integral part of the estimation process related to contractual allowances and doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company regularly assesses the state of its billing operations in order to identify issues which may impact the receivables or reserve estimates. Receivables deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts at the time such receivables are written-off. Recoveries of receivables previously written-off are recorded as credits to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Revisions to the allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded as an adjustment to revenues.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, estimated contractual allowances of $32.0 million and $25.6 million, respectively, and estimated implicit price concessions of $7.3 million and $7.7 million, respectively, have been recorded as reductions to our revenues and accounts receivable balances to enable us to record our revenues and accounts receivable at the estimated amounts we expect to collect. As required by Topic 606, after estimated implicit price concessions and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues of $39.3 million and $33.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we reported net revenues of $13.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively. We continue to review the provisions for implicit price concessions and contractual allowances. See Note 4 – Accounts Receivable and Income Tax Refunds Receivable.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

We account for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets according to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 clarifies the accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, including the disposal of business segments and major lines of business. Long-lived assets are reviewed when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. When necessary, impaired assets are written down to estimated fair value based on the best information available. Estimated fair value is generally based on either appraised value or measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates. We recorded a $2.3 million asset impairment charge for Jamestown Regional Medical Center’s building during 2021, as more fully discussed in Note 5.

Leases in Accordance with ASU No. 2016-02

We account for leases in accordance with ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires leases with durations greater than 12 months to be recognized on the balance sheet. Upon adoption in 2019, we elected the package of transition provisions available which allowed us to carryforward our historical assessments of (1) whether contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. We lease property and equipment under finance and operating leases. For operating leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record the related right-of-use assets and right-of-use obligations at the present value of lease payments over the term. For finance leases, we record the present value of the lease payments as finance lease obligations. We do not separate lease and non-lease components of contracts. Our finance and operating leases are more fully discussed in Note 10.

Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” the Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

On December 31, 2022 and 2021, we applied the Level 3 fair value hierarchy in determining the fair value of InnovaQor’s Series B-1 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “InnovaQor Series B-1 Preferred Stock”), which is reflected on our consolidated balance sheets as an investment, as more fully discussed in Notes 11 and 15. Also, on December 31, 2022 and 2021, we applied the Level 3 fair value hierarchy in determining the fair value of a derivative liability for an embedded conversion option of an outstanding convertible debenture, as more fully discussed in Note 11.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value, Including ASU 2017-11 and ASU 2021-04

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings (loss) per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common stockholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260).

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. The FASB issued this update to clarify and reduce diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The guidance clarifies whether an issuer should account for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange as (1) an adjustment to equity (that is, deemed dividends) and, if so, the related earnings per share (EPS) effects, if any, or (2) an expense and, if so, the manner and pattern of recognition. We adopted this new accounting guidance on January 1, 2022. Under the new guidance, the FASB decided not to include convertible debt instruments in the guidance because ASU No 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10) requires that an entity capture the impact of changes in down round provision features of convertible debt within the fair value of the instruments. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no changes in the fair values of the Company’s convertible debentures with down round provision features as these debentures issued in 2018 have floors of $0.052 per share and were not in-the-money at December 31, 2022, as more fully discussed in Note 8. We recorded the incremental value of warrants as a result of the down round provisions of $330.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, which was prior to the adoption of the guidance in ASU No 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), we recorded deemed dividends for the incremental value of convertible debentures and warrants as a result of the down round provisions of $490.2 million. Debentures and warrants are more fully discussed in Notes 8 and 12.

In addition, we recorded deemed dividends of approximately $0.3 million and $2.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as a result of the issuances of shares of our preferred stock, which are more fully discussed in Note 12. In addition, we recorded deemed dividends of $11.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 as a result of the extensions of various common stock warrants and $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 in connection with an exchange agreement. The warrant extensions and the exchange agreement are more fully discussed in Note 12. See Note 11 for an additional discussion of derivative financial instruments and deemed dividends.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, future tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the amounts reported in the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Future tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantially enacted income tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realized or the liability settled. The effect of a change in income tax rates on future income tax liabilities and assets is recognized in income in the period that the change occurs. Future income tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are considered more likely than not to be realized. When projected future taxable income is insufficient to provide for the realization of deferred tax assets, the Company recognizes a valuation allowance.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company is required to determine whether a tax position of the Company is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Derecognition of a tax benefit previously recognized could result in the Company recording a tax liability that would reduce net assets. Based on its analysis, the Company has determined that it has not incurred any liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company reports earnings (loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share,” which establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings (loss) per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, including preferred stock, convertible debt, stock options and warrants outstanding for the period, with options and warrants determined using the treasury stock method. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation when their effect would be anti-dilutive. See Note 3 for the computation of the loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.